《四库全书总目》中“前七子”概念使用探微

The Use of the Concept of Qian Qi Zi in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu

使用“七子”一词,指称“前七子”者只有7则,指称“后七子”者共37则,统称“前后七子”或明代复古文人者有28则。《四库全书总目》延续了明代后期文人使用“七子”特指“后七子”的做法,“前七子”概念在《四库全书总目》编纂时并不成熟。第三,《四库全书总目》视野下的弘正复古文人在文学风格上或宗李,或宗何,李梦阳、何景明作为“前七子”的核心成员,两者文学风格存在差异,宗属派系亦很明晰,说明“前七子”流派盟主、流派统系、流派风格有分化现象,内在凝聚力、向心力均不足,不是一个稳定的文学流派。《四库全书总目》更多使用“李、何之派”等概念称呼弘正复古文人,在“前七子”概念形成过程中处于过渡阶段,而不是定型阶段。

In literary history works,Qian Qi Zi is usually regarded as a literary genre,which has generated some discussions in academics.Some scholars think that Qian Qi Zi as a literary genre has been established in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu.However,after comprehensive analysis about Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu,we find that this is not the case.Firstly,Qian Qi Zi is only used once alone in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu,and the other 11 times are used together with Hou Qi Zi,reflecting the continuity of the retro literature of the Ming Dynasty,rather than emphasizing the literary genre nature of Qian Qi Zi.Secondly,There are 72 abstracts in Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu that use the term Qi Zi,only 7 of them refer to the Qian Qi Zi,37 refer to the Hou Qi Zi,and 28 abstracts collectively referred to as Qian Hou Qi Zi or retro literature of Ming Dynasty.Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu continued the practice of the literati in the late Ming Dynasty use Qi Zi specifically refer to Hou Qi Zi.The concept,Qian Qi Zi,was not mature in it.Thirdly,from the perspective of Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu,the literary style of retro literati during the Hongzhi and Zhengde period of Ming dynasty was imitated Li Mengyang's or He Jingming's.Regarded as key members of Qian Qi Zi,Li and He have different literary style and genre system.The genre leader,system,and style of Qian Qi Zi have differentiation phenomenon,with insufficient internal cohesion and centripetal force.It's not a stable literary genre.At last,Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu preferred to use the genre of Li and He to call retro literati during the Hongzhi and Zhengde period,and it is in a transitional stage,rather than the setting stage in the formation of the Qian Qi Zi.