滴灌对内蒙古阴山北麓藜麦水分利用及产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation on water use and yield of quinoa in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia

【目的】探究滴灌对内蒙古阴山北麓藜麦水分利用及产量的影响,明确不同滴灌处理下藜麦田间水分时空分布特征差异性与产量变化规律。【方法】在内蒙古武川旱作试验站,设置藜麦田间滴灌试验,分为苗期+分枝期滴灌(W1)、苗期+显穗期滴灌(W2)、苗期+灌浆期滴灌(W3)、苗期+分枝期+显穗期滴灌(W4)、苗期+分枝期+灌浆期滴灌(W5)、苗期+显穗期+灌浆期滴灌(W6)6种处理,对比分析各处理对0~100 cm土层土壤水分状况及藜麦干物质积累量、籽粒产量的变化情况。【结果】在藜麦全生育期,各处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水量随土层深度的增加均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且不同滴灌处理土壤含水量在40~70 cm土层变化幅度较大。各滴灌处理藜麦干物质积累量均随生育时期推移呈上升趋势,其中W5处理藜麦干物质积累量明显高于其他灌溉处理。W5处理的籽粒产量和水分利用效率均最高,分别为2225.56 kg/hm^(2)和6.49 kg/(mm·hm^(2))。【结论】在内蒙古阴山北麓,苗期(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))+分枝期(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))+灌浆期(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))滴灌藜麦产量和水分利用效率表现最佳,可作为该地区藜麦节水高产高效的滴灌制度。

【Objective】To explore the impact of drip irrigation on water use and yield of quinoa in the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia to clarify the differences in water temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in the field and yield changes of quinoa under different drip irrigation treatments.【Methods】In Wuchuan Dry Farming Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia,six treatments were set up for the quinoa field drip irrigation experiment:irrigation during seedling and branching stages(W1),irrigation during seedling and earing stages(W2),irrigation during seedling and filling stages(W3),irrigation during seedling,branching,and earing stages(W4),irrigation during seedling,branching,and filling stages(W5),and irrigation during seedling,earing,and filling stages(W6).The soil moisture status of 0-100 cm soil layers,as well as the changes in dry matter accumulation and grain yield of quinoa under different treatments were compared and analyzed.【Results】Throughout the whole growth period of quinoa,the soil moisture content in the 0-100 cm soil layers of all the treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of soil depth.And the soil moisture content in the 40-70 cm soil layers had significant changes among the different drip irrigation treatments.The dry matter accumulation of quinoa in all the drip irrigation treatments showed an upward trend with the progress of growth periods,among which the dry matter accumulation of quinoa in W5 treatment was significantly higher than that in other irrigation treatments.The grain yield and water use efficiency of W5 treatment were the highest,at 2225.56 kg/hm^(2)and 6.49 kg/(mm·hm^(2)),respectively.【Conclusion】At the north foot of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia,drip irrigation at the seedling stage(450 m^(3)/hm^(2)),branching stage(450 m^(3)/hm^(2)),and filling stage(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))had the best yield and water use efficiency of quinoa,could be used as a water-saving,high-yield,and high-efficiency drip irrigation regime for quinoa in the area.