审美感兴主体因素论

On the Subject Factors of“Gan-xing”in Aesthetics

审美感兴是中国古典美学中关于创作论的一个基本范畴,指创作主体在客观环境(外物)的触发下,在心灵中诞育了艺术境界(如诗中的意境)的心理状态与审美创造方式。感兴以外物的触发为前提,以其偶然性契机为特征。因而,感兴很容易被误解为只要抓住偶然机遇就可创造出精品。其实,审美感兴是需要作家、艺术家非常重要的主体条件的。在笔者看来,主要有这样几方面的要素:一是“诗人之胸襟”,即作家、艺术家的人格、视野、胸襟等方面的修养;二是主体之“才”;三是主体创作时的审美心态;四是长期的艺术训练;五是审美构形能力。唯有将这些主体因素综合起来,方有可能通过感兴的方式创作出艺术杰作。

“Gan-xing”(Aesthetic sensation evoked by objects)is a basic category of creation theory in classical Chinese aesthetics.It refers to the psychological state and aesthetic creation method that how the creative subject evoked by the objective environment(the external objects)and nurtured an artistic realm in the soul(like the artistic conception in poetry).On one hand,“Gan-xing”takes the evocation of external objects as the premise.On the other hand,it takes contingency opportunity as its feature.Therefore,it is easily misunderstood as cre-ating high-quality works only by chance.In fact,“Gan-xing”in aesthetics requires a very important subject condition for writers and artists.In my point of view,it can be mainly divided into four aspects:“the poet’s breadth of mind”,that is the writer or the artist’s personality,vision,mind and other aspects of cultivation;the“talent”of the subject;long term artistic training;and the aesthetic configuration ability.It is possible to create artistic masterpieces in the way of“Gan-xing”,when these subject factors are combined.