2022年深圳市成人烟草流行现况调查

Survey on prevalence of tobacco use among adult residents in Shenzhen city,2022

目的了解深圳市成人烟草流行现况,客观评价深圳控烟工作成效,为持续改进控烟政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群概率抽样法,在全市10个区共抽取4949名15岁及以上居民,采取入户调查收集成人烟草调查数据。使用SAS 9.4软件进行数据清洗和分析。结果参与调查人数4812人,应答率为97.23%。调查对象吸烟率为19.07%(95%CI:15.56%~22.57%),男性吸烟率(33.37%)明显高于女性(1.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=296.773,P<0.001)。调查对象的戒烟率为8.25%(95%CI:1.67%~14.83%),65岁及以上人群戒烟率最高;现在吸烟者过去12个月内尝试戒烟率为31.03%(95%CI:23.07%~38.99%),未来12个月内有戒烟意愿的吸烟者比例达23.29%(95%CI:15.39%~31.19%)。非吸烟者二手烟暴露率为50.53%(95%CI:40.47%~60.59%),在家中二手烟暴露率为17.44%(95%CI:13.59%~21.28%),在室内工作场所二手烟暴露率为20.42%(95%CI:13.27%~27.57%)。同时知晓吸烟会造成4种疾病(中风、心脏病、肺癌和阳痿)的总体知晓率为27.24%(95%CI:22.76%~31.73%),知晓二手烟会造成3种疾病(成人心脏病、成人肺癌和儿童肺部疾病)的总体知晓率为38.59%(95%CI:28.33%~48.84%)。结论深圳市15岁及以上人群吸烟率处于内地城市较低水平,但二手烟暴露情况仍较为严峻。居民烟草危害知识知晓程度偏低,缺乏科学戒烟指导。需进一步强化执法,加强控烟宣传教育,普及戒烟服务。

Objective To understand the prevalence of adult tobacco use in Shenzhen city in 2022,and to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control for providing scientific support for the sustainable improvement of tobacco control policies.Methods A multi-stage cluster probability sampling method was used.A total of 4949 residents aged 15 years old and above were sampled in 10 districts of Shenzhen city.The Adult Tobacco Survey was used for investigation.SAS 9.4 software was used for data cleaning and analysis.Results The number of participants was 4812,and the overall valid response rate was 97.23%.The smoking rate of respondents was 19.07%(95%CI:15.56%-22.57%),males smoking rate significantly higher than females(33.37%vs 1.17%,χ^(2)=296.773,P<0.001).The overall smoking cessation rate was 8.25%(95%CI:1.67%-14.83%),and people aged 65 years and above had the highest smoking cessation rate.The rate of trying to quit smoking in the past 12 months was 31.03%(95%CI:23.07%-38.99%),and the proportion of smokers willing to quit smoking in the following 12 months reached 23.29%(95%CI:15.39%-31.19%).The overall exposure rate to second-hand smoke among non-smokers was 50.53%(95%CI:40.47%-60.59%),17.44%(95%CI:13.59%-21.28%)of non-smokers were exposed at home whereas 20.42%(95%CI:13.27%-27.57%)in indoor workplaces.At the same time,the overall awareness rate of knowing that smoking could cause four diseases(stroke,heart disease,lung cancer and impotence)was 27.24%(95%CI:22.76%-31.73%),and the overall awareness rate of knowing that second-hand smoke could cause three diseases(adult heart disease,adult lung cancer and children’s lung disease)was 38.59%(95%CI:28.33%-48.84%).Conclusions The smoking rate of people aged 15 years and above in Shenzhen city was at a relatively low level,but the exposure to second-hand smoke was still severe.The awareness rate of tobacco hazards was low,and there was lack of scientific guidance on smoking cessation.It is necessary to further strengthen law enforcement,to promote the publicity and education on tobacco control,and to popularize smoking cessation services.