闽东北传统民居悬鱼装饰特征与文化内涵

Characteristics and cultural connotations of hanging fish in traditional folk dwellings in northeast Fujian

悬鱼是我国传统建筑中极具特色的建筑构件,在传递历史信息、承载文化语境、展示民俗特色等方面发挥了不可或缺的作用。聚焦闽东北地区悬鱼装饰,对其构图、纹样、文字意涵等特征进行提炼,发现悬鱼可分为四段式和三段式两种类型,其装饰纹样具有单独、适合、连续式的规律性表现形式,其文字意涵包含引水避火、景色描绘、华堂丽屋、祈吉纳祥、事业有成、规训教诲、文采出众、平安长寿、家族兴旺等九大类,体现了当地民俗期盼吉祥、家风传承等文化观照。悬鱼不仅是该地区乡风民俗的物质载体,也是中华优秀传统文化的物化呈现与地域表达,对其进行研究可为传统建筑的保护、修缮利用提供营造技艺和文化传承价值。

Hanging fish is a very characteristic architectural component in China's traditional architecture,which has played an indispensable role in transmitting historical information,carrying on cultural context,and displaying folk characteristics.Focusing on the decoration of hanging fish in northeast Fujian,and refining its composition,pattern,text meaning and other characteristics,it is found that the hanging fish can be divided into two types,four-segment and three-segment ones,and its decorative pattern has a separate,suitable and continuous regular expression,and its text meaning includes nine categories,such as water diversion and fire avoidance,landscape depiction,gorgeous house,prayer for auspicious luck,career success,discipline and teaching,outstanding literary brilliance,peace and longevity,and family prosperity,reflecting the local folk customs and disasters,auspiciousness,family style inheritance and other cultural observations.Hanging fish is not only the material carrier of rural customs and folklore in the region,but also the materialized presentation and regional expression of China's excellent traditional culture,and its research can provide creation skills and cultural inheritance value for the protection,repair and utilization of traditional buildings.