改性聚磷酸铵在塑料阻燃中的应用综述

Application Overviews of Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate in Flame-retardant Plastics

聚磷酸铵(APP)作为磷系无卤阻燃剂,具有低烟、低毒、价廉、对环境危害较小等优点,但APP吸湿性强、分解温度低,与塑料等材料的相容性较差,这些问题极大制约了其应用范围。对APP进行改性是解决这些问题的重要方法。为系统梳理近年来改性APP领域的研究成果,采用文献分析法,综述了硅烷类化合物、树脂、聚酯类化合物等用于改性APP的成分,并介绍了离子交换法、微胶囊化法和偶联接枝法等改性方法,以及改性APP在聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚乳酸等塑料阻燃中的应用,最后展望了APP阻燃剂改性技术与方法的发展趋势。

As a phosphorous halogen-free flame retardant,ammonium polyphosphate(APP)has the advantages of low smoke,low toxicity,low price and posing little harm to the environment.However,APP has the properties of strong moisture absorption,low decomposition temperature,and especially poor compatibility with plastics and other materials,which greatly restricts its application scope.Modification of APP is an important way to solve these problems.To systematically review the recent research achievements in the field of modified APP,this paper used literature analysis to review the ingredients of modified APP,such as silane compounds,resins,polyester compounds,etc.Then the modification methods such as ion exchange,microencapsulation and coupling grafting,as well as the application of modified APP in the flame-retardant plastics were introduced.Finally,the development trend of modification technology and method of ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant was prospected.