上海地铁建设的历史考察(1953—1993年)

Historical Investigation of Shanghai Subway Construction(1953-1993)

上海地铁建设的酝酿和筹划始于20世纪50年代,主要是出于战略防御的考虑。然而,上海的软土地基并不适宜采用苏联地铁建设的深埋技术。因此,从60年代开始,上海地铁建设在向北京取经的同时,开始了自主的秘密试验,并基本掌握了在软土层使用盾构法建设地铁的技术。改革开放后,在国家政策的大力支持下,上海地铁建设从战备工程回到市内交通运输上,其建设步伐不断加快。1993年5月28日,上海地铁1号线南段建成试运行,标志着上海的城市交通进入立体化时代。上海地铁的建设历程,体现了国家与地方、地方与地方之间的互动,既有时代的影响,更彰显出上海的城市特性。

The planning of Shanghai subway construction began in the 1950s,mainly due to strategic defense consideration.However,the soft soil foundation in Shanghai was not suitable for using the deep burial technology of the Soviet subway construction.Therefore,starting from the 1960s,Shanghai subway construction began independent secret experiments while learning from Beijing,and basically mastered the technology of using shield tunneling method to construct subway in soft soil layers.After the reform and opening-up,with strong support from national policies,the construction of the Shanghai subway returned from a combat readiness project to urban transportation,and its pace of construction had been continuously accelerating.On May 28th,1993,the southern section of Shanghai subway Line 1 was completed and put into trial operation,marking the entry of a three-dimensional era in Shanghai’s urban transportation.The construction process of the Shanghai subway reflected the interaction between the country and local areas,as well as among local areas.It not only had the influence of the times,but also highlighted the urban characteristics of Shanghai.