云龙县火烧地胡蜂科昆虫多样性调查及季节动态分析

Insect Diversity Survey and Seasonal Dynamic Analysis of Vespidae(Hymenoptera)in the Burned Area of Yunlong,Dali

胡蜂科Vespidae昆虫是膜翅目中较常见的一类昆虫,在森林遭受破坏的地区多且分布广泛,是重要的生态指示昆虫。为探明火后恢复前期的胡蜂科昆虫的物种组成、变化、群落多样性的影响,于2020年6月至2021年5月对大理云龙火烧地胡蜂科昆虫的物种组成、多样性及其季节性变化进行了研究,初步揭示火干扰对胡蜂多样性的影响,探讨了以胡蜂作为指示生物揭示云龙火烧的生境变化奠定基础。结果显示:①共收集到胡蜂科昆虫584只,隶属于3亚科6属17种。夏季物种组成为3亚科6属13种;秋季物种组成为3亚科4属10种;冬季物种组成为2亚科3属3种;春季物种组成为2亚科5属10种;②胡蜂科昆虫2月开始出现,8~11月份为集中出现时间,11月份出现最高峰,整体呈现先升后降的趋势;③夏季采集到的胡蜂科昆虫物种丰富度最高;秋季采集到的胡蜂科昆虫个体数,辛普森指数都是最高的;冬季物种丰富度以及多样性指数都最低;春季虽然采集到的胡蜂科昆虫个体数最少,但是其香农指数最高。夏秋两季与春冬两季之间的相似性差异大。以上结果表明:在火后恢复期,胡蜂科昆虫种类丰富;作为冬眠动物,季节对于胡蜂科昆虫的出现有较大的影响,建议后期对此类的昆虫群落进行长期监测。

Vespidae,a common family of Hymenoptera,is an important ecological indicator insect with a wide distribution in areas where forests have been damaged.In order to investigate the species composition,changes,and community diversity of Vespidae in the post-fire recovery period,the species composition,diversity,and seasonal changes of Vespidae in the Dali Yunlong burned area from June 2020 to May 2021 are studied to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the diversity of Vespidae in the Yunlong burned area,to reveal the effects of fire disturbance on Vespidae,and to explore the use of Vespidae as indicator organisms to reveal habitat changes in the Yunlong burned area.The results showed that:①A total of 584 insects belonging to 3 subfamilies and 6 genera and 17 species were collected during the period,with the species composition of 3 subfamilies and 6 genera and 13 species in summer,3 subfamilies and 4 genera and 10 species in Autumn,2 subfamilies and 3 genera and 3 species in winter and 2 subfamilies and 5 genera and 10 species in spring;②the insects of the Vespidae wasps started to appear in February,and concentrated from August to November,with a peak in November,showing a trend of first rising and then falling;③In Summer,the highest species richness was found;in Autumn,the highest Simpson's index was found for the number of individuals;in winter,the lowest species richness and diversity index were found;in spring,the lowest number of individuals was found,but the highest Shannon's index was found.The similarity between interseasonal was highly different.It indicates that during the recovery period after fire,there were abundant species of wasps.As hibernating insects,the season has a great influence on the appearance of wasp,and it is recommended that long-term monitoring of this insect community should be carried out later.