毕节市石漠化综合治理成效分析与对策建议

Analysis and Countermeasures of Comprehensive Control of Stony Desertification in Bijie City

石漠化是一种生态环境退化现象,严重制约着经济社会的发展,石漠化综合治理是我国生态建设的重点和难点。贵州省毕节市是国家石漠化重点治理地区,也是全省石漠化面积最大、程度最深、治理难度最大的地区。毕节市围绕“治理、开发、保护”的工作思路,坚持政府主导、农民主体、部门协作、社会参与的工作原则,以石漠化综合治理为主线,以林业生态建设为重点,大力推进石漠化综合治理(重点区域生态保护和修复)工程,取得了显著成效。1988年,毕节试验区建立以来,累计治理石漠化面积235044 hm^(2),森林覆盖率从14.9%增长到60%,森林蓄积量从872万m^(3)增加到6296.08万m^(3);水土流失面积从16830.9 km^(2),减小到9844.36 km^(2),减少了6986.54 km^(2);水土保持率从37.32%提高到63.34%,提高了26.02个百分点,水土保持能力有了很大的提高。通过分析石漠化治理成效及现状,在结合毕节市的自然、社会、经济发展实际情况的基础上,从加大资金投入、加强组织领导、加大宣传力度、加强科技支撑等方面提出了科学治理石漠化的对策和建议,探索了新的治理模式和有效措施,为石漠化治理提供参考。

Stony desertification is a degradation of ecological environment,which seriously restricts the development of economy and society.The comprehensive control of stony desertification is the key and difficult point of ecological construction in China.Bijie City of Guizhou Province is the national key area of stony desertification control,and it is also the area with the largest area,the deepest degree and the most difficult control.Based on the working idea of"governance,development and protection",Bijie City adheres to the working principle of government-led,farmers'main body,departments'cooperation and social participation,takes the comprehensive control of stony desertification as the main line,focuses on forestry ecological construction,vigorously promotes the comprehensive control of stony desertification(ecological protection and restoration of key areas)project,and has achieved remarkable results.Since the establishment of the Bijie Pilot Zone in 1988,the total area of stony desertification has been controlled;The forest coverage rate has increased from 14.9%to 60%,and the forest stock volume has increased from 8.72 million m^(3)to 62.960,800 m^(3).The area of soil erosion decreased from 16830.9 km^(2)to 9844.36 km^(2),a decrease of 6986.54 km^(2).The soil and water conservation rate increased from^(3)7.32%to 63.34%,an increase of 26.02 percentage points,and the soil and water conservation capacity has been greatly improved.Based on the analysis of the effect and current situation of stony desertification control,this paper,based on the actual situation of natural,social and economic development of Bijie City,puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for scientific promotion of stony desertification from the aspects of increasing capital investment,strengthening organizational leadership,increasing publicity and strengthening scientific and technological support,and explores new governance models and effective measures to provide a reference for stony desertification control.