威胁应对与安全环境塑造:印度的国家安全研究

Security Threat Response and Security Environment Shaping:An Analysis of National Security Studies in India

印度是世界大国中面临国家安全挑战较多的国家之一,但印度长期不具备系统化、科学化的国家安全研究。印度的国家安全研究经历了萌芽(1947—1962年)、稳步发展(1962—1991年)、快速发展(1991—2014年)和转型发展(2014年至今)等若干时期。国际战略环境、国内安全形势、政治领导人倾向及传统战略文化,是影响印度国家安全研究的主要因素。在此过程中,印度的国家安全研究体系不断壮大,形成了官方为主、官民互补的基本格局,实现了从传统的国防军事领域转向更加综合的国家安全研究、从聚焦威胁应对转向统筹威胁应对与安全环境塑造的转变。莫迪政府对国家安全议题高度重视,势必会进一步推动印度的国家安全研究。印度国家安全研究话语体系日益将中国视作主要外部对手,预示着印度将会采取更加强硬的对华政策。

As a major power in the world,India faces serious national security challenges.But for a long time,India lacked systematic and scientific national security research.National security studies in India have experienced four phases of development-budding(1947-1962),steadydevelopmentt(1962-1991),rapid development(1991-2014),and transformational development(2014-present).In this process,four factors have shaped the study of national security in India.They are international strategic environment,domestic security situation,personal preferences of political leaders,and traditional strategic culture.While India's national security studies continues to grow,it has formed a research system dominated by government affiliated institutions but with participation from public institutions.The focus of the study has also shifted from the traditional defense and military field to more comprehensive national security research,adopting a more balanced approach on both security threat response and security environment shaping.The Modi government attaches great importance to national security issues and will further promote national security studies.India's national security studies discourse increasingly views China as its main external rival,foreshadowing a more assertive approach to China.