丽水白云山和南明山及周边地区可培养大型真菌的鉴定

Identification of Cultureable Macrofungi in Baiyun Mountain,Nanming Mountain and Surrounding Areas of Lishui City

通过ITS序列比对与形态学鉴定2种方法,对2010年至2021年间分离自丽水市白云山、南明山及周边多个地点的297株可培养大型真菌菌株进行鉴定。结果显示共获得246株有效分离菌株,占总数的82.8%;51株无效分离菌株,占总数的17.2%。246株有效分离菌株隶属于担子菌门和子囊菌门的5纲12目34科70属115种。包括食用菌23种46株,其中13种可大规模人工栽培,分别为皱木耳、毛木耳、毛头鬼伞、牛舌菌、金针菇、卵孢小奥德蘑、花脸香蘑、白鬼笔、多脂鳞伞、白黄侧耳、糙皮侧耳、肺形侧耳、裂褶菌;药用菌24种102株,其中13种可进行人工栽培,分别为粉虫草、高雄山虫草、细脚虫草、红贝俄氏孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、树舌灵芝、南方灵芝、有柄灵芝、灵芝、白囊耙齿菌、蝉棒束孢、网纹马勃、云芝栓孔菌;有毒蘑菇7种15株,可造成神经精神型中毒的有4种(白黄小脆柄菇、粪生光盖伞、热带紫褐裸伞、苏梅岛裸盖菇),可造成肠胃炎型中毒的有3种(大青褶伞、丛生垂幕菇、砖红垂暮);其它大型真菌61种83株。丽水市白云山、南明山等地大型真菌资源丰富,多种食用菌、药用菌、有毒蘑菇资源可供未来栽培或研究利用。

By ITS and morphological characteristics analysis,297 cultureable macrofungi isolated from Baiyun Mountain,Nan-ming Mountain and surrounding areas in Lishui City from 2010 to 2021 were idenfied.The results show that a total of 246 effec-tive isolate strains,accounting for 82.8%of the total,and 51 inactive isolate strains,accounting for 17.2%of the total.The 246 effective isolated strains belonged to 115 species in 5 classes,12 orders,34 families and 70 genera of the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota.There were 23 edible species(46 isolates),of which 13 species can be cultivated on a large scale,including Auric-ularia delicata,Auricularia nigricans,Coprinus comatus,Fistulina hepatica,Flammulina filiformis,Hymenopellis raphanipes,Lepista sordida,Phallus impudicus,Pholiota adiposa,Pleurotus cornucopiae,Pleurotus ostreatus,Pleurotus pulmonarius,Schizo-phyllum commune;24 medicinal species(102 isolates),of which 13 species can be cultivated,including Cordyceps farinosa,Cordyceps takaomontana,Cordyceps tenuipes,Earliella scabrosa,Fomitopsis pinicola,Ganoderma applanatum,Ganoderma aus-trale,Ganoderma gibbosum,Ganoderma lucidum,Irpex lacteus,Isaria cicadae,Lycoperdon perlatum,Trametes versicolor;7 poi-sonous species(15 isolates),of which 4 species causing psycho-neurological disorders,including Candolleomyces candolleanus,De-conica coprophila,Gymnopilus dilepis and Psilocybe samuiensis,3 species causing gastroenteritis,including Chlorophyllum molyb-dites,Hypholoma fasciculare and Hypholoma lateritium;and 61 other species(83 isolates).There are abundant resources of marofun-gi in Baiyun Mountain,Nanming Mountain and surrounding areas in Lishui City and many edible fungi,medicinal fungi and toxic mushroomresources are avalible for cultivation or research in the future.