突发公共卫生事件应急处理中医护人员个人自由的限制与保护

Restriction and Protection of Personal Freedom of Medical Staff in Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies

突发公共卫生事件的应急处理中会面临一系列的伦理问题,核心问题之一便是医护人员个人自由与公共善的伦理冲突未能得到有效解决,医护人员的道德职责边界尚未明确。在突发公共卫生事件应急处理中,由于以往对医护人员的道德要求及法规中强调保障公共利益优先,医护人员个人自由权利受到限制。因此,在权衡医护人员个人自由与公共善之间的张力时需要考虑自愿性、相称性、优先性、公正性等要素,建议制定危害医护人员生命安全的等级制度、卫生行政部门列举“正当理由”伦理清单、完善“德福一致”的奖励体制等方式来解决医护人员个人自由与公共善之间的伦理冲突,以更好地实现公共善。

In the emergency response to public health emergencies,a series of ethical issues will be faced.One of the core issues is that the ethical conflict between personal freedom of medical staff and common good has not been effectively resolved,and the moral responsibility boundaries of medical staff have not been clearly defined.The personal freedom rights of medical staff are constrained in the emergency response to public health emergencies due to the prior moral requirements and regulations for them that emphasizes the priority of safeguarding public interests.Therefore,it is important to consider elements such as voluntariness,proportionality,priority,and fairness when balancing the tension between personal freedom of medical staff and common good.It is recommended to establish a rating system that endangers the life safety of medical staff,list the ethical list of legitimate reasons by the health administrative department,and improve the reward system of moral and welfare consistency to solve the ethical conflict between personal freedom of medical staff and common good,so as to better achieve common good.