基于量子计算的高能核物理研究

Quantum computing based high-energy nuclear physics

高能核物理旨在探索和理解物质在夸克与胶子层次的组成及演化的基本规律.然而,从量子色动力学第一性原理出发来求解高能核物理,经典计算却存在本质困难.近几年来,量子计算因给模拟高能核物理提供了潜在的根本性解决方案而受到了较大的关注.本文简要回顾了高能核物理量子模拟的现状,介绍了态制备及光锥关联函数测量等典型量子算法,并通过强子散射振幅和有限温有限密物质相结构的研究,分别展示了量子计算在解决高能核物理中含时问题和符号问题上的优势.

High-energy nuclear physics aims to explore and understand the physics of matter composed of quarks and gluons.However,it is intrinsically difficult to simulate high-energy nuclear physics from the first principle based quantum chromodynamics by using classical computers.In recent years,quantum computing has received intensive attention because it is expected to provide an ultimate solution for simulating high-energy nuclear physics.In this paper,we firstly review recent advances in quantum simulation of high-energy nuclear physics.Then we introduce some standard quantum algorithms,such as state preparation and measurements of lightcone correlation function.Finally,we demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing for solving the realtime evolution and the sign problems by studying hadronic scattering amplitude and phase structure of finitetemperature and finite-density matter,respectively.