海南稻田水生昆虫生物多样性研究

Study of communities of aquatic insects in rice fields in Hainan Province

水稻田间不仅在水面上部水稻植株中有丰富的节肢动物群落,水体中也有很多水生昆虫。弄清海南稻田水生昆虫群落组成和种群发展动态,可以为海南稻田环境监测提供研究基础。本研究于2021年在海南省南繁区和非南繁区10个地市进行了稻田水生昆虫种类调查,共捕捉到水生昆虫4目10科29种。在南繁区的三亚和非南繁区的文昌稻田进行了整个生长季水生昆虫群落动态研究,结果显示水生昆虫群落在三亚和文昌稻田不同生长期都可以存在,每生长期种类为15~19种,数量为每百丛12.7±0.7~33.3±1.00头,种类和数量最多的时期为分蘖期。水生昆虫群落多样性指数为2.100~2.581,均匀性指数为0.726~0.924,优势集中性指数为0.092~0.137。三亚和文昌群落物种相似度为0.947,优势种相似度为1.000。截斑脉蜻Neurothemis tullia稚虫,真龙虱Cybister sp.可能是稻田水体环境变化的敏感种类。稻田环境变化和污染可能影响水生昆虫种类,对海南稻田水生昆虫群落的监测和变化机理有待进一步的研究。

There are not only arthropod communities above the water surface,but also aquatic insect communities in the water in rice paddies.In order to make clear the community composition of aquatic insects in rice fields in Hainan Province,the aquatic insects were sampled in first and second rice seasons in 2021 in off-season reproduction regions and nonoff-season reproduction regions.The results showed that 29 species from 4 families of aquatic insects were collected in rice ecosystem in nonoff-season reproduction regions tropic region and 29 species from 4 families in off-season reproduction regions respectively.The aquatic insects community was stable in different growth stages of different rice seasons in rice fields in Sanya City and Wenchang City,with 15~19 species and 12.7±0.7~33.3±1.0 aquatic insects per hundred clusters.At tillering stage,the species and quantity were the most.The diversity index of aquatic insects community is 2.100~2.581,the evenness index is 0.726~0.924,and the dominant concentration index is 0.092~0.137.The similarity of community species was 0.947,and the similarity of dominant species was 1.000.Neurothemis tullia and Cybister sp.might be sensitive to the change of environmental pollution in rice fields.The change and pollution of paddy field environment might affect the species of aquatic insects.The monitoring and change mechanism of aquatic insect community in Hainan paddy field need further study.