不同甘薯品种在陕北风沙区的栽培研究

Cultivation of Different Sweet Potato Varieties in Wind and Sandy Region of Northern Shaanxi

榆林市地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土丘陵沟壑区的交错带,具有甘薯栽培十分有利的沙土和光热条件。为了丰富区域甘薯品种,筛选出优质的甘薯品种,试验开展了8个甘薯品种的田间试验,调查了甘薯的形态特征、农艺性状、结薯特性、生物量。结果表明,横薯1号、绥薯1号结薯特性较优,但产量欠佳,其中横薯1号结薯集中性和中薯率方面优势突出;早丰、日本哈蜜和济薯26具备优质商品薯的基本特征;普薯32产量低且小薯多;澳洲紫白产量高、大薯率高,但结薯特性一般;烟薯25中薯率较高、产量中等,薯皮粗糙,结薯松散。综上,应淘汰普薯32,在评价早丰、日本哈蜜和济薯26营养和食味指标的基础上择优推广,澳洲紫白和烟薯25可作淀粉备选品种,横薯1号和绥薯1号具备可靠的消费群体,应重点开展提质增效方面的研究。

Yulin situates at the junction of Maowusu Desert and loess hilly region,which offers favourable conditions for sweet potato cultivation due to its sandy soil,optimal light and heat conditions.Eight sweet potato varieties were used as materials,a field experiment was conducted to examine morphological,agronomic,tuber-related characteristics,and biomass of eight sweet potato varieties to improve regional sweet potato varieties and choose high-quality ones.The results showed that the yields of Hengshu No.1 and Suishu No.1 exhibited poor yields despite their promising tuber-bearing traits,Hengshu No.1 had obvious advantages in the concentration,and the percentage rate of medium tubers.Zaofeng,Japanese Hami,and Jishu 26 were the essential attributes of premium commercial sweet potatoes.Pushu 32 demonstrated a lower yield with numerous small potatoes.Australian Zibai boasted a high yield and a prevalence of large tubers,with conventional tuber formation characteristics.Yanshu 25 had a high tuber rate and a medium yield,but the tuber skin was rough and the tuber formation was loose.In conclusion,Pushu 32 should be eliminated,Zaofeng,Hami and Jishu26 should be popularized on the basis of evaluation of nutrition and taste indexes,Zibai and Yashu25 should be selected as starch varieties.Hengshu No.1 and Suishu No.1 have reliable consumer groups,and research should focus on the relationship between the cultivation mode and water or fertilizer to improve their yields.