关于《楚辞》中特殊义涵词语的案例考析

An Analysis of Words with Special Semantics in“Chuci”

上古汉语中,单音词语义涵丰富。其中有些义项由于在后世典籍中很少出现而渐渐被淡忘,在词义研究中可称为特殊义项。上古文献,特别是具有浪漫色彩的楚文献中,采用特殊意义的词语,常常造成后人阅读的障碍。试以战国《楚辞》文本为分析对象,通过文字的语素溯源、文献对读的方法,就《招魂》中的“哀”、《九辩》中的“在”以及多篇作品中出现的“容与”等词语进行语源探讨,以期更准确地领会先秦楚文学作品的独特韵味。

In ancient Chinese,monosyllabic words often had rich semantic connotations.Some of these meanings have gradually been forgotten over time,as they rarely appeared in later texts,and can be referred to as special semantic items.Ancient documents,especially romantic texts from the Chu region,often use words with these special meanings,causing difficulties for later readers.This study takes the Warring States text“Chuci”as its subject of analysis.Through tracing the origins of word morphemes and employing methods of textual reading,it delves into the etymology of words like“ai”in“Zhao Hun”,“zai”in“Jiu Bian”,and“rongyu”that appears in multiple works.The aim is to gain a more accurate appreciation of the unique charm of Pre-Qin Chu literary works.