动与不动:20世纪30年代邹平乡村建设运动中的女性自觉

Movement and Motionlessness:Women’s Consciousness of the Rural Construction Movement in Zouping in 1930s

20世纪30年代山东邹平乡村建设运动曾经轰轰烈烈,但领导者梁漱溟却认为,其“号称乡村运动而乡村不动”,最核心的问题是“农民自觉”的意识未启发。基于七年来田野调查的一手资料,特别是乡村建设运动亲历者的口述史资料,立足于民众视角,探讨乡村建设运动中女性的社会参与及行为逻辑的研究发现:一方面,乡村建设运动中,女性在教育中是旁听者的角色,在经济生产活动中是被代理者的角色,在民俗空间中是观望者的角色,并未达到“农民自觉”的理想状态;但是另一方面,从亲历者的记忆来看,女性又有参与乡村建设运动的主观意愿和受益者心态。这种主观意愿和心态大多是不被表述的,而被隐藏在维持家庭生计的日常生活中。

In 1930s,the rural construction movement in Zouping,Shandong Province was vigorous,but Liang Shuming summarized that“rural movement,rural motionlessness”,and he stressed the importance of the self-consciousness of farmers in rural construction.Based on the first-hand data of fieldwork in the past seven years,especially the oral history data of those who experienced the rural construction movement,this paper discusses the social participation and behavioral logic of women in the rural construction movement from the perspective of the people.The study found that on the one hand,in the rural construction movement,women were observers in education,agents in economic production activities,and spectators in the folk space,which did not achieve the ideal state of“farmer consciousness”.However,on the other hand,from the memories of those who witnessed it,women also had the subjective will and beneficiary mentality to participate in the rural construction movement.This subjective will and mentality are understated,and hidden in the daily life of sustaining the family.