渤海沉积物中石油烃类污染现状及研究进展

Current situation and researchprogress of hydrocarbon pollution in the sediments of Bohai Sea

本文通过汇总分析近十年来渤海沉积物中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons,TPH)、多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)和正构烷烃(n-alkanes,n-Alks)的污染现状研究成果,发现TPH和PAHs在整体上呈现出近岸及油气平台附近高、远海低的分布特征,除莱州湾外,单组分PAHs发生不利生态效应的现象极为普遍;化石燃料的混合燃烧、石油污染和交通污染是PAHs最主要的来源。除黄河口外,n-Alks亦呈现河口、近岸和远海依次降低的分布特征;n-Alks以陆海生物混合源为主,并且普遍存在石油污染源。在时间上,渤海沉积物中石油烃类污染物呈逐年上升的趋势,且n-Alks的分布和组成都存在季节性差异。

Petroleum hydrocarbons are organic pollutants with complex compositions and wide sources.They are widely distributed in sediments and have a significant ecotoxicity.Through comprehensive studies on the current pollution situation of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH),the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and n-alkanes(n-Alks)in the sediments of the Bohai Sea over the past ten years were investigated.The distribution characteristics of the TPH and PAHs were high inshore and near oil gas platforms,and were low far from the shore.It was extremely common for single-composition PAHs to have adverse ecological effects except the Laizhou Bay.The mixed combustion of fossil fuels,oil pollution and traffic pollution were three main sources of the PAHs.The spatial distribution of the n-Alks presented a decreasing trend from the estuary and inshore areas to areas far from the shore except for the Yellow River estuary.The n-Alks were mainly from the mixed sources of terrestrial and marine organisms,where oil pollution sources were widespread.The petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the sediments of the Bohai Sea tended to increase year by year.There were seasonal differences in the distribution and compositions of the n-Alks.This paper could help understand comprehensively the petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Bohai Sea,thus providing a theoretical basis for further research on petroleum hydrocarbons in the Bohai Sea and the governance of environmental pollution.