外泌体在膀胱癌诊断和治疗中的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer

外泌体是一种直径约为30~200纳米的分泌性细胞器,它具有与细胞相同的拓扑结构,富含蛋白质、脂类、核酸等。外泌体分布在人体体液中,如血液和尿液。大量研究表明,外泌体在细胞间通讯中发挥着不可忽视的作用,并参与了多种癌症的发展,包括癌症的侵袭和转移。其中,外泌体也在膀胱癌的发展中发挥重要作用,研究发现,外泌体可通过各种途径来影响膀胱癌的增殖、侵袭、转移等恶性生物学行为,并有可能成为膀胱癌早期诊断和治疗中的一种新的生物标志物。本文就外泌体在膀胱癌诊断和治疗中的应用及研究进展作一综述。

Exosome is a secretory organelle of approximately 30~200 nm in diameter.It has the same topology as the cell and is rich in proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,etc.Exosomes are distributed in human body fluids,such as blood and urine.Numerous studies have shown that exosomes play a non-negligible role in intercellular communication and are involved in the development of multiple cancers,including cancer invasion and metastasis.Among them,exosomes also play an important role in the development of bladder cancer.Studies have found that exosomes can affect the proliferation,invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer through various ways,and have the potential to become a new biomarker in the early diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.This paper reviews the application and research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.