最后进近阶段的速度特征与间隔追赶效应研究

Velocity Characteristics and Separation Chase Effect in Final Approach

为准确计算飞机在最后进近时的间隔追赶效应,减少不必要的间隔浪费,首先基于雷达记录数据和QAR数据,对飞机最后进近阶段的速度变化特征进行统计分析,建立最后进近速度模型;然后建立最后进近时的四维航迹预测模型,实现不同时刻飞机位置和高度计算;之后对不同机型组合、所需间隔、前后机初始位置下的间隔追赶效应进行计算分析和蒙特卡洛方法仿真实验,研究间隔追赶效应的统计规律。研究结果表明:当所需最小间隔不变时,前后两机的间隔追赶量随后机距跑道入口距离减小而减小,所需最小间隔为3海里,后机位于距跑道18海里处间隔追赶量达到最大(1.73海里),在追赶结束时间隔追赶量最小(0海里);所需最小间隔与间隔追赶量呈正相关,当所需最小间隔为5海里时,后机从距跑道入口18海里追赶至前机到达跑道入口时,间隔追赶量最大(2.51海里);所需最小间隔与相对间隔追赶量相关性较弱,所需最小间隔为3、4、5海里时,相对间隔追赶量均值均在50%左右。

In order to accurately calculate the separation chase effect of the aircraft during the final approach and reduce unnecessary waste of separation,based on the radar record data and QAR data,the speed variation characteristics of the aircraft at the final approach was statistically analyzed and the final approach speed model was established firstly.Secondly,a four-dimensional trajectory prediction model in final approach was established to realize the calculation of aircraft position and altitude at different times.Thirdly,the calculation,analysis and Monte Carlo simulation test on separation chase effect of different aircraft type combinations,required separations,and initial positions of the front and rear aircraft were carried out to analyze the statistical law of separation chase effect.The research results show that when the required minimum separation remains unchanged,the separation chase amount between the front and rear aircraft decreases as the distance between the rear aircraft and the runway threshold decrease,and the required minimum separation is 3nm.The separation chase amount reaches maximum when the rear aircraft is at 18nm from the runway threshold,which is 1.73nm;at the end of the chase,the separation chase amount is the smallest,which is 0nm.The required minimum separation is positively correlated with the separation chase amount.When the required minimum separation is 5nm,and when the rear aircraft chases from 18 nm from the runway threshold to the front aircraft arriving at the runway threshold,the separation chase amount is the largest,which is 2.51nm.The correlation between the required minimum separation and the relative separation chase amount is relatively weak,and when the required minimum interval is 3 nm,4 nm,and 5 nm,the mean values of relative separation chase amount are all around 50%.