2020年—2022年浙江省台州市食源性疾病病原体流行特征分析

Epidemical characteristics and analysis of foodborne disease pathogens in Taizhou,Zhejiang from 2020 to 2022

目的 了解浙江省台州市食源性疾病病原体检测情况及流行特征,为制定食源性疾病的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 利用2020年—2022年台州市食源性疾病监测数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 共采集食源性疾病病例样本12 515份,阳性样本检出率为16.74%。各检出率:沙门菌为10.11%(以鼠伤寒沙门菌为主),副溶血性弧菌为2.78%(以O4:K4为主),致泻性大肠埃希菌为1.50%(以黏附性大肠埃希菌为主),诺如病毒为6.44%(以诺如Ⅱ型为主)。病原体检出率逐年上升(χ^(2)_(趋势)=14.777,P<0.001),检出高峰在5月—10月;0岁~(50.06%)、2岁~(31.09%)年龄组、婴幼儿食品(62.37%)、家庭环节检出率较高(18.07%),均以沙门菌为主。诺如病毒以冬季、6岁~年龄组、学校感染为主。结论 台州市食源性疾夏秋季以沙门菌感染为主,冬春季以诺如病毒感染为主,5岁及以下儿童、婴幼儿食品、家庭及学校是防控关键环节。

Objective This paper aims to discuss the detection and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease pathogens in Taizhou of Zhejiang province,so as to provide further prevention and control.Methods The data were collected from the Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Reporting System from 2020 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 12515 samples of foodborne diseases were collected and the detection rate was 16.74%.The detection rate of Salmonella was 10.11%,with S.typhimurium as the main species.The detection rate of V.parahaemolyticus was 2.78%,and the main serotype was O4∶K4.The detection rate of diarrheogenic E.coli was 1.50%,mainly enteroadhesive E.coli.The positive rate of norovirus was 6.44%,and the genotype was mainly GⅡ.The detection rate of pathogens increased annually(χ^(2)_(trend)=14.777,P<0.001)and the peak was from May to October.The detection rates in 0-(50.06%)and 2-(31.09%)age groups,infant food(62.37%),and family(18.07%)were high,and all of which were dominated by Salmonella.Norovirus infection is dominant in winter,6-age group,and school.Conclusion Salmonella infection is dominant in summer and autumn,and norovirus is dominant in winter and spring in Taizhou.Children under 5 years old,infant food and school are the key in protection and control of foodborne disease.