国内外农业废弃物资源化利用技术对比研究

Comparative Study of Domestic and Foreign Agricultural Residue Resource Utilization Technology

强化农业废弃物资源化利用对于农业绿色转型、低碳化发展具有重要意义。厘清中国与国际的农业废弃物资源化利用技术研发特点与差异,为该领域技术创新与产业化发展提供借鉴。基于专利数据,从申请趋势、技术来源、技术分布、专利质量等维度对比国内外农业废弃物资源化利用技术研发态势。中国农业废弃物资源化利用技术数量优势明显,已成为该领域的主要研发国,技术研发活跃度远超国外。但是技术质量偏低,在全球化布局和技术输出上与美国、德国、日本有较大差距,专利质量不及美国。中国技术热点与国外不同,中国技术研发集中在秸秆,以肥料化、饲料化利用等农用技术为主;国外集中在畜禽粪污,注重肥料化利用、能源化利用和无害化处理均衡发展,秸秆原料化和能源化利用等高值化利用技术是其研发重点。本文进一步从国内外现实需求、重要创新主体及技术创新水平等角度探析了国内外技术发展差异形成的原因,建议应发展种养结合保障农用和回归农业生产体系,加强产业链前端技术研发和高值化利用技术布局;培育企业创新能力和技术转化能力,优化促进技术创新和产业发展的政策环境;鼓励面向产业发展需求的原始创新,注重培育高价值专利和提升技术创新水平。

Strengthening the resource utilization of agricultural residue is of great significance for the green transformation and low-carbon development of agriculture in China.Clarifying the characteristics and differences of technology research(R)&development(D)of agricultural residue resource utilization technology between China and the abroad can provide reference for China’s technological innovation and industrial development in the field,a patent comparative study between China and the abroad in agricultural residue resource utilization technology was conducted from dimensions of annual application trend,application origin and destination,technology distribution,patent quality and so on.The results showed that China had obvious advantages in terms of quantity of agricultural residue resource utilization technology,had become the main technology origin country in agricultural residue resource utilization field,with far higher R&D activity than foreign countries.However,the quality of agricultural residue resource utilization technology in China was relatively low,there was a big gap between China and countries like the United States,Germany and Japan in terms of global layout and technology output,and China was lower than the United States in patent quality.The hot spots of agricultural residue resource utilization technology in China were different from Abroad.China focused on straw utilization technology,and its technology mainly included agricultural technologies such as fertilizer and feed utilization technology,while foreign countries focused on livestock and poultry manure utilization technology,paid attention to the balanced development of fertilizer utilization,energy utilization,and harmless treatment.High value utilization technologies such as straw raw material utilization and energy utilization were the focus of its research and development.The reason for the differences forming in technological development between China and foreign countries was further explored from the perspectives of actual domestic and international needs,important innovation entities,and technological innovation levels,It was proposed that China should develop a combination of planting and breeding to ensure agricultural utilization and return to the agricultural production system,strengthen the research and development of front-end technology in the industrial chain,and lay out high-value utilization technology,cultivate the innovation and technological transformation capabilities of enterprises,optimize the policy environment for promoting technological innovation and industrial development,encourage original innovation that meets the needs of industrial development,and focus on cultivating high-value patents and enhance the level of technological innovation.