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科恩对罗尔斯差别原则的平等主义考察及其局限性

A Study on Cohen's Criticism of Rawls'Principle of Difference and Its Limitations
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摘要 罗尔斯在《正义论》中提出的正义原则对当代政治哲学的理论建构影响深远,却颇受争议。在科恩看来,平等是正义的前提,差别原则试图在允许不平等的前提下达至正义是不可接受的,进而从这一原则不相容于共同体、存有逻辑矛盾、适用范围受限、包含道德任意性等角度加以批判。在此过程中,科恩再次明确自身平等主义立场,认为正义的社会不仅需要制定适用于社会基本结构的正义原则,还需要在家庭、市场与国家中积极培育平等主义的社会风尚。但是,科恩在批判罗尔斯的同时并未提出现实的实践策略,使得其社会主义的机会平等主张止步于抽象思辨,困于资本主义意识形态批判的思维窠臼之中。 Rawls'principle of difference has been praised and won at the same time.Cohen believes that equality is the basis of justice,it is unacceptable for the principle of difference to realize justice under the premise of allowing inequality,then made a critical analysis of the difference principle from the perspectives of incompatibility with community,logical contradiction,limitation of application scope and moral arbitrariness.While criticizing,Cohen clarified his egalitarian position.He stressed that a just society not only needs to formulate the principles of justice applicable to the basic structure of society,but also needs to actively cultivate the social ethos of equalitarianism in the family,the market and the state.However,Cohen failed to put forward practical action strategies,which made his argument still unable to get rid of the shackles ofcapitalist ideology.
作者 张欣然 Zhang Xinran(School of Marxism,China University of Political Science and Law Beijing 102249,China)
出处 《科学.经济.社会》 2023年第4期38-47,共10页 Science Economy Society
基金 国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代科学精神与工匠精神融合及实践创新研究”(21ZDA019) 北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(中国政法大学)科研类项目“文化强国视域下马克思主义大众化的内在逻辑与实践路径研究”(2020KY-11)。
关键词 科恩 罗尔斯 平等 平等主义 正义论 G.A.Cohen John Rawls equality equalitarianism the theory of justice
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