扬州地区22种呼吸道病原检测结果分析

Detection and analysis of 22 respiratory pathogens in Yangzhou area

目的在本市呼吸道综合监测哨点医院开展呼吸道多病原监测,了解本市呼吸道病原流行特征,为临床疾病诊治及呼吸道传染病防控提供依据。方法对采集的416例呼吸道感染患者咽拭子采用荧光定量PCR法,进行22种呼吸道病原体检测,对病原体感染分布情况进行分析。结果416份样本中,总阳性率为33.65%(140/416),单病原体感染占66.43%(93/140),双重病原体感染占27.86%(39/140),3种及以上病原体感染占5.71%(8/140)。在检出病原体中,肺炎链球菌阳性率最高(14.18%)。不同性别各病原体阳性率无差异;0岁~6岁年龄组阳性率最高,66岁及以上年龄组最低,不同年龄组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.885,P<0.05);不同季节人鼻病毒、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌阳性率有差异(P<0.05)。结论本市呼吸道感染以冬春季节多发为特点,肺炎链球菌、呼吸道合胞病毒、人鼻病毒为呼吸道感染的主要病原体,其检出率与年龄、季节有关,需在不同季节,针对不同重点人群开展有针对性的防控措施。

Objective The multi-pathogen monitoring of respiratory tract was carried out in sentinel hospitals of municipal respiratory tract comprehensive monitoring to understand the epidemic characteristics of respiratory tract pathogens in this city,so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases and prevention and control of respiratory infec⁃tious diseases.Methods The throat swabs of 416 patients with respiratory tract infection were collected by fluorescence quanti⁃tative PCR to detect 22 kinds of respiratory tract pathogens,and the distribution of pathogens was analyzed.Results In 416 samples,the overall positive rate was 33.65%(140/416).Among them,single pathogen infection accounted for 66.43%(93/140),dual pathogen infection accounted for 27.86%(39/140),and the infection of three or more pathogens accounted for 5.71%(8/140).The positive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest(14.18%).There was no difference in the positive rate of pathogens among different genders.The positive rate was the highest in 0-6 years old age group,and the lowest in 66 years old and above age group,with the differences of statistical significance among different age groups(χ^(2)=47.885,P<0.05).The positive rates of human rhinovirus,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were different in different seasons(P<0.05).Conclusion Respiratory tract infection is characterized by frequent occurrence in winter and spring.Streptococcus pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus are the main pathogens of respiratory tract infection,and their detection rate is related to age and season.Targeted prevention and control measures should be carried out in different seasons for different key populations.