膳食镉暴露与2型糖尿病相关性分析

Analysis of the correlation between dietary exposure of cadmium and type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的研究膳食镉暴露水平与2型糖尿病的关系。方法随机采集5大类942件食品用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行食品中镉含量检测;采用病例对照研究设计2型糖尿病病例组和非糖尿病对照组,对调查对象开展基本情况调查、膳食消费量调查、体格检查及生化检查;结合食品镉含量水平和调查对象的膳食消费量数据评估调查对象膳食镉摄入水平,并通过分层分析、多因素非条件logistic回归分析,分析膳食镉水平与2型糖尿病的关系。结果分层分析结果显示:女性、不吸烟者以及BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的病例组人群的膳食镉水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);BMI<24 kg/m^(2)者膳食镉水平高于BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:糖尿病家族史(OR=4.13,95%CI:2.59~6.60)、膳食镉水平(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.03~1.15)是2型糖尿病发生的影响因素。结论膳食镉暴露是2型糖尿病发生的独立危险因素,减少镉含量高的食物摄入对预防2型糖尿病发生有一定意义。

Objective This paper aims to analyze the relationship between dietary exposure of cadmium and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods The cadmium content of 942 food samples from 5 categories was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.A case-control study was used to divide the type 2 diabetes group and the control group.The basic situation,dietary consumption,physical examination and biochemical examination were carried out.Dietary cadmium intake level was evaluated by combining dietary cadmium content and dietary consumption data of the survey subjects,and the relationship between dietary cadmium level and type 2 diabetes mellitus was analyzed by stratified analysis and multivariate logis⁃tic regression analysis.Results The results of stratified analysis showed that the levels of dietary cadmium in female,non-smokers and patients with BMI<24 kg/m^(2) were higher than those in control group,with the difference statistically significant(P<0.05).The dietary cadmium level of BMI<24 kg/m^(2) was higher than that of BMI≥24 kg/m^(2),with the differences sta⁃tistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that family history of diabetes(OR=4.13,95%CI:2.59-6.60)and dietary cadmium level(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.03-1.15)were the influencing factors for the occur⁃rence of type 2 diabetes.Conclusion Dietary exposure of cadmium is associated with T2DM.Dietary exposure of cadmium is an independent risk factor for T2DM,and reducing the intake of foods with high cadmium content may have some significance in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes.