基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类康复组合比较糖尿病合并与未合并肾病患者的功能状态

Comparison of Functional Status Between Diabetic Patients With and Without Nephropathy Based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set

目的基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类康复组合(ICF-RS)比较合并与未合并肾病糖尿病患者的功能状态,探索合并肾病的糖尿病患者哪些类目发生功能障碍的风险更高。方法采用横断面研究,选取2021年8月至2022年2月广东省中医院住院的320例糖尿病患者,分为合并与未合并肾病组。采用t检验、秩和检验和卡方检验比较两组患者的一般资料、生理生化指标,基于ICF-RS采用t检验比较两组患者的功能状态,采用Logistic回归控制两组间有统计差异因素的干扰,分析合并肾病与糖尿病患者ICF-RS类目发生功能障碍的关联性。结果合并肾病组糖尿病患者ICF-RS(P<0.001)及身体功能(P=0.003)、活动(P<0.001)和参与(P<0.001)3个维度存在功能障碍的类目个数均明显高于未合并肾病组。合并肾病组5个身体功能维度类目(能量和驱力功能、睡眠功能、性功能、运动耐受能力、肌肉力量功能)、10个活动维度类目(移动自身、步行、利用设备到处移动、到处移动、盥洗自身、护理身体各部、如厕、穿着、做家务、照顾个人的健康)、4个参与维度类目(利用交通工具、帮助别人、基本的人际交往、娱乐和休闲)功能障碍程度高于未合并肾病组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,与未合并肾病组比较,合并肾病组患者身体功能维度类目中能量和驱力功能(aOR=4.35,95%CI=1.28~14.79,P=0.019)、情感功能(aOR=1.88,95%CI=1.06~3.34,P=0.031)、性功能(aOR=3.39,95%CI=1.82~6.34,P<0.001),活动维度类目中到处移动(aOR=3.11,95%CI=1.76~5.52,P<0.001)、做家务(aOR=17.48,95%CI=3.57~85.60,P<0.001)、照顾个人的健康(aOR=1.97,95%CI=1.13~3.43,P=0.017),参与维度类目中利用交通工具(aOR=2.59,95%CI=1.38~4.88,P=0.003)、娱乐和休闲(aOR=2.52,95%CI=1.46~4.35,P<0.001)发生功能障碍的可能性更高。结论与未合并肾病的糖尿病患者相比,合并肾病的糖尿病患者发生功能障碍的ICF-RS类目数量更多,3个维度都有类目发生功能障碍的可能性增高。

Objective To compare the functional status of diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and identify the items that diabetic patients with nephropathy are more likely to develop dysfunction than diabetic patients without nephropathy based on the international classification of functioning,disability and health rehabilitation set(ICF-RS).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 320 diabetic patients hospitalized in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2021 to February 2022 were selected and assigned into a group with nephropathy and a group without nephropathy.The general characteristics,clinical examination,and laboratory findings were compared by the t test,rank sum test,and Chi-squared test.The functional status of the patients was compared between the two groups by the t test based on the ICF-RS.Logistic regression was employed to control interferential factors between the two groups and identify the association between nephropathy and ICF-RS problematic items among diabetic patients.Results The diabetic patients with nephropathy had more problematic items in ICF-RS(P<0.001),the body function dimension(P=0.003),the activity dimension(P<0.001),and the participation dimension(P<0.001)than those without nephropathy.Moreover,the diabetic patients with nephropathy experienced severer problems in 5 body function items(energy and drive functions,sleep functions,sexual functions,exercise tolerance functions,and muscle power functions),10 activity items(transferring oneself,walking,moving around using equipment,moving around,washing oneself,caring for body parts,toileting,dressing,doing housework,and looking after one’s health),and 4 participation items(using transportation,assisting others,basic interpersonal interactions,and recreation and leisure)(all P<0.05).The Logistic regression results showed that compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the diabetic patients with nephropathy were more likely to develop problems in energy and drive functions(aOR=4.35,95%CI=1.28-14.79,P=0.019),emotional functions(aOR=1.88,95%CI=1.06-3.34,P=0.031),sexual functions(aOR=3.39,95%CI=1.82-6.34,P<0.001),moving around(aOR=3.11,95%CI=1.76-5.52,P<0.001),doing housework(aOR=17.48,95%CI=3.57-85.60,P<0.001),looking after one’s health(aOR=1.97,95%CI=1.13-3.43,P=0.017),using transportation(aOR=2.59,95%CI=1.38-4.88,P=0.003),and recreation and leisure(aOR=2.52,95%CI=1.46-4.35,P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the patients with nephropathy suffer more ICF-RS problematic items and are more likely to develop dysfunction in certain items in all the three dimensions.