亚里士多德史诗理论视域下的《奥德赛》

An Analysis of The Odyssey from the Perspective of Aristotle's Epic Theory

作为西方叙事学源头的《诗学》与作为欧洲文学源头的荷马史诗同为西方古典文艺之林中两座不朽的丰碑。亚里士多德在撰写《诗学》的过程中时常援引荷马史诗作为例证,并尊崇荷马为“最伟大的诗人”。《诗学》主要论述了悲剧和史诗两大文类,我国学者主要侧重于对亚里士多德悲剧观的探析,对其史诗理论的贡献少有谈及。《奥德赛》在史诗的摹仿功效、情节构建、人物塑造等方面完美契合了亚里士多德的史诗理论,展现了荷马史诗之于《诗学》研究的理论性价值和实践性价值,对后世史诗的发展和研究影响深远。

Poetics and Homer's epic are two monuments of western classical literature and art,with the former as the source of western Narratology,and the latter the beginning of European literature.In the process of writing Poetics,Aristotle often cited Homer's epic as an example and respected Homer as the“greatest poet”.Poetics mainly discusses tragedy and epic.Domestic scholars mainly focus on Aristotle's tragedy theory,but seldom talk about his contribution to epic theory.The Odyssey perfectly conforms to Aristotle's epic theory in terms of mimetic creation,plot construction and character shaping,which not only shows the theoretical and practical value of Homer's epic in the study of Poetics,but also has a profound impact on the development and research of the epic of later generations.