从照护到养老:智障者及其监护人养老方式选择意愿及影响因素研究

From Nursing to Old-age Care:A Study on the Willingness and Influencing Factors of the Intellectual Disabilities and Their Guardians to Choose the Way of Old-age Care

残障老人的养老服务是残疾人基本公共服务的重要内容之一,也是我国残疾人事业和社会保障制度发展的难点和痛点之一。残障者及其监护人的养老问题既具有一般的普遍性更具有特殊性。智障者的养老问题更为复杂和特殊。从“照顾期”步入“后照顾期”,智障者的未来安置需求及监护人的养老需求变得更为突出。本研究以目的性抽样方法选取样本对调查问卷进行分析,建立mlogit模型从个体及家庭维度、社会支持维度、养老风险感知维度研究智障者及其监护人养老方式选择意愿的形成机制。研究发现:智障者个体及家庭特征、社会支持特征、养老风险感知特征对智障者及其监护人选择社区居家养老、单独在机构养老、共同在机构养老具有异质性。因此,建议未来从优化社区居家养老服务、探索机构“双轨”融合模式、强化智障者家庭社会支持三方面提升智障者家庭老年生活质量,从而实现“老有所养”“弱有所扶”。

The pension services for the disabled elderly is one of the important contents of basic public services for the disabled,and is also one of the difficult and painful points in the development of the handicapped utilities and social security system.The pension problems of the disabled and their guardians are both general and special.The pension problem of the intellectual disabilities is more complex and special.From the“care period”to the“post-care period”,the future placement needs of the intellectual disabilities and the needs of guardians for the elderly become more prominent.In this study,samples were selected with a purpose-based sampling method for investigation,and a multinomial logit model was established to study the formation mechanism of the willingness of intellectual disabilities and their guardians to choose pension methods from individual and family dimensions,social support dimensions and pension risk perception dimensions.The results show that the individual and family characteristics,social support characteristics and risk perception characteristics of the intellectual disabilities have heterogeneity on the choice of the intellectual disabilities and their guardians to support the intellectual disabilities at home in the community,alone in institutions,and together in institutions.Therefore,it is suggested that we should improve the life quality of the families of intellectually disabled individuals from three aspects in the future:optimizing the community home care service,exploring the“dual-track”integration model of institutions,and strengthening the social support for the intellectual disabilities and their guardians,so as to realize“providing for the elderly”and“helping the weak”.