论秦观策论对苏轼的师承

On Qin Guan’s Inheritance of Su Shi in His Political Essays

秦观凭借策论五十篇在制科考试的第一道程序中拔得头筹,并且在当时与后世都受到了许多赞誉。这不仅取决于秦观自身的努力,很大程度上还与苏轼对他的指导有关。根据苏轼和秦观各自的五十篇策论,结合苏轼的论文之语以及历代诸家对他们策论的点评,大致可以考知:在师承对象方面,苏轼与秦观二人都师法汉代的贾谊与唐代的陆贽;在论证模式方面,他们的策论都有着“翻旧为新,凭空议论”“引史为据,述其本末”“好用汉唐典故,借古鉴今”的共同特点;在议论话题方面,他们都对仁政理想、选贤任臣、朋党之争、御将用兵等政治问题进行深入探讨;在文章特色方面,二人的策论具有文学化的倾向,实用性减弱。苏轼和秦观的策论在宋代散文史上具有重要地位,二者之间的师承关系及其意义值得探究。

Qin Guan won the first course of the imperial examination with his 50 political essays,and received much praise both in his age and in later times.His success was not only due to his own efforts,but also to Su Shi's guidance.According to the essays of Su Shi and Qin Guan,and with reference to Su Shi’s commentaries and later scholars’reviews,it can be found that,in terms of models,both Su Shi and Qin Guan imitated Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty and Lu Zhi of the Tang Dynasty,in terms of argumentation,both were characterized with the renovation of old ideas,the reliance on historical evidence and the use of allusions,in topics,both discuss in depth political issues such as the ideal of benevolent government,the selection of virtuous ministers,the disputes among cronies,and the use of soldiers in the imperial administration,and in style both tend to be literary with less emphasis on practicality.The essays of Su Shi and Qin Guan have an important position in the prose of the Song Dynasty,and the relationship between them and its significance is worth exploring.