密闭式立体笼养肉鸭舍通风小窗的模拟分析

Design Simulation Analysis on Ventilation Window in Large-scale Cage-rearing Meat Duck House

试验旨在探讨密闭式鸭舍通风小窗的合理设置方案,通过对一种密闭式立体笼养肉鸭舍的通风小窗间距(d=1.00、2.00和3.00 m)、离地高度(h=3.00、3.45和3.90 m)及开合角度(α=50°、65°和80°)为研究参数进行CFD模拟分析。结果显示:密闭式立体笼养肉鸭舍通风小窗不同参数组合下其鸭舍内温度值分布均匀性变异系数在0.54%~1.42%,整体分布均匀性较好;温度分布特点表现为通风小窗下存在局部温度高于其他区域的温度区域,鸭舍内整体温度的渐变趋势表现为由鸭舍前端到后端舍内温度逐渐上升或先升后降。气流速度分布表现为不同水平高低截面,低截面到高截面的气流速度逐渐增大;纵向水平上,不同距离截面上气流受通风小窗开合角度的影响,气流集中于鸭舍上部,且因鸭舍上部建筑结构的阻碍,更多的气流流向远离进风一侧的鸭笼。密闭式立体笼养肉鸭舍通风小窗的最佳组合参数是间隔距离为3.00m,安装高度为3.45m,开合角为50°;对鸭舍内温度均匀性影响最大的是通风小窗间隔距离,其次是通风小窗开合角度,最后是通风小窗离地高度。综上,立体笼养肉鸭舍(99.0 m×16.5 m×4.50 m)通风小窗安装参数以间距为3.00 m、离地高度为3.45 m、开合角度为50°时能够获得较好的舍内温度均匀性。

The purpose of the experiment was to explore the reasonable setting scheme of the ventilation windows in the closed cage duck house.Through the analysis of the distance between the ventilation windows(d=1.00,2.00 and 3.00 m),the height from the ground(h=3.00,3.45 and 3.90 m)and the opening and closing angle of a closed cage duck house(α=50°,65°and 80°)as the parameters,the CFD simulation analysis was carried out,and the results were as follows:in this experiment,the variation coefficient of temperature distribution uniformity in the closed cage duck house was 0.54%to 1.42%under different pa-rameter combinations of ventilation windows,and the overall distribution uniformity was good;The characteristic of temperature distribution was that there was a small part of temperature area in the lower part of the ventilation window that was significantly higher than that in other areas.The gradual change trend of the overall temperature in the duck house was that the temperature from the wet curtain end to the exhaust end gradually rises or first rises and then falls.The air velocity distribution showed differ-ent levels of high and low sections,and the air velocity increased gradually from low section to high section;In the longitudinal level,the airflow at different distance sections was affected by the opening and closing angle of the ventilation window.The air-flow was concentrated on the upper part of the duck house.Due to the obstruction of the upper structure of the duck house,more airflow fflowed to the duck cage far away from the air inlet side.The optimal combination parameters of the ventilation windows in the closed cage duck house were:the spacing distance was 3.00 m,the installation height was 3.45 m,and the opening and clos-ing angle was 50°;The biggest influence on the temperature uniformity in the duck house was the distance between ventilation windows,followed by the opening and closing angle of ventilation windows,and finally the installation height of ventilation win-dows.To sum up,the cage duck house(99.0 m×16.5 m×4.50 m),the installation parameters of ventilation windows were as fol-lows:The spacing was 3.00 m,the height from the ground was 3.45 m,and the opening and closing angle was 50°,which could achieve better temperature uniformity in the house.