手扶式甘蓝收获机设计与试验

Design and test of hand-held cabbage harvester

甘蓝是我国蔬菜主要栽培作物,从南到北均有种植。针对甘蓝收获作业人工效率低、成本高、机械化程度低等问题,设计一种适合江苏甘蓝主栽品种以及种植模式的手扶式甘蓝收获机,一次性完成甘蓝的拔取、夹持输送、切根、装箱等作业。在分析甘蓝收获机总体结构的基础上阐述整机的工作原理,并基于甘蓝物理力学特性试验及Ansys模态分析对收获机关键部件进行分析校核后完成样机试制,以收获成品率、有效切根率、机采损伤率为评价指标进行田间试验。试验结果表明,该机工作性能稳定,收获效果良好,甘蓝收获成品率为92.8%,有效切根率为93.5%,机采损伤率为6.6%,机采损失率为4.2%,各项性能指标均达到设计要求和相关标准,研究成果可为甘蓝收获装备开发及结构完善提供参考。

Cabbage is the main cultivated crop of vegetables in China,which is grown from south to north.Aiming at the problems of low manual efficiency,high cost and low degree of mechanization for cabbage harvesting operation,in this paper,a kind of hand-held cabbage harvester suitable for the main planting varieties and planting patterns of cabbage in Jiangsu is designed,which can complete the operations of cabbage plucking,clamping and conveying,root cutting and boxing at one time.Based on the analysis of the overall structure of the cabbage harvester,the working principle of whole machine is explained,and the prototype is completed after the analysis and verification of the key components of the harvester based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of cabbage and Ansys modal analysis.The field test was conducted with cabbage harvesting pass rate,root cutting pass rate,cabbage damage rate and cabbage loss rate as evaluation indexes.The test results show that the machine has stable working performance and good harvesting effect,the cabbage harvesting qualification rate is 92.8%,root cutting pass rate is 93.5%,cabbage damage rate is 6.6%,cabbage loss rate is 4.2%,all the performance indexes meet the design requirements and relevant standards,and the research results can provide reference for the development and structural improvement of cabbage harvesting equipment.