基于TRIZ理论的果树深松施肥机创新设计

Innovative design of fruit tree deep loosening fertilizer applicator based on TRIZ theory

针对果园松土、施肥机械匮乏,人工劳动强度大、效率低等问题,分析TRIZ理论解决工程问题的具体流程,提出果树深松施肥机械创新设计方案,解决传统锤击式打穴破土机构效率低、人力劳动强度大,有较大噪音等不足。设计多连杆打穴破土机构、气爆发生装置、精量施肥装置等关键部件,并完成深松施肥机设计。通过建立SolidWorks三维数字模型仿真与样机试验分析,以打穴深度大于等于400 mm、土壤表面明显可见裂纹数量大于等于2道或单道裂纹宽度大于等于4 mm为评价指标对创新设计方案进行评价,验证设计方案的可行性与合理性。试验表明:深松施肥机在成都及周边地区常见果园中作业时气爆压力大于0.6 MPa即可取得较好的松土效果,为果树深松施肥机械研发与果园土壤改良提供有益参考。

Aiming at the problems of lack of soil loosening and fertilizer application machinery,high labor intensity and low efficiency,the specific process of solving engineering problems with TRIZ theory was analyzed,and the innovative design scheme of fruit tree deep loosening and fertilization machinery was proposed to solve the problems of low efficiency,high labor intensity and large noise of traditional hammering and soil breaking mechanism based on the“conflict resolution theory”by using the ultimate ideal solution and smart little man method.Based on the principle of periodicity,air pressure and hydraulic structure invention,the key components such as the multi-link hole breaking mechanism,the gas explosion generating device,and the precision fertilization device were designed,and the detailed design of the deep loosening fertilizer applicator was completed.Through the establishment of SolidWorks 3D digital model simulation and prototype test analysis,the innovative design scheme was evaluated with the hole depth greater than or equal to 400 mm,the number of visible cracks on the soil surface greater than or equal to 2,or the width of single crack greater than or equal to 4 mm as the evaluation index to verify the feasibility and rationality of the design scheme.In addition,the test verified that the air explosion pressure in common orchards in Chengdu and surrounding areas was greater than 0.6 MPa,which could achieve good soil loosening effect,and which will provide useful reference for the research and development and application of deep loosening and fertilization machinery for fruit trees,and lay a foundation for promoting the development of orchard mechanization.