不同果树花生间作模式对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of peanut intercropping patterns on peanut growth,leaf physiological characteristics and yield

【目的】研究不同果树间作下对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响。【方法】以新疆托克逊县常规花生品种为试材,通过杏树、枣树与葡萄3种果树间作花生的种植模式,分析不同时期间作下花生的农艺性状、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律及花生产量性状等相关指标。【结果】不同果树间作下显著影响花生主茎高、分枝数、茎粗。杏树间作下花生分枝数较枣树与葡萄树间作高190%和60%,主茎长度低26%、13%;不同处理间花生主茎高与分枝数和茎粗成反比,分枝数与茎粗成正比,侧枝长生长规律为苗期至结荚期为快速增长期和结荚期至成熟期为慢速增长期;不同果树间作下花生叶片保护酶整体呈下降趋势,其中杏、葡萄间作花生SOD酶活性在各个生育期均显著高于枣树间作花生;叶片可溶性蛋白质的含量与MDA的含量呈负相关,枣树间作下花生叶片可溶性蛋白质的含量整体低于其他处理;不同果树间作下,杏树间作花生获得的单株结果数和单株产量均为最大,分别为43.33个和116.23 g。【结论】选择树冠、树龄适宜遮阴较小的杏树最为适宜间作花生。

【Objective】This project aims to study the effects of peanut growth and development,leaf physiological characteristics and yield of different fruit trees.【Methods】The conventional peanut varieties in Xinjiang Toksun County was taken as the test material,through the planting mode of peanut intercropping among three fruit trees:apricot,jujube and grape,the changes of agronomic properties,soluble protein content,malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities of peanut and the yield characteristics of peanut were analyzed.【Results】Intercropping with different fruit trees significantly affected the main stem height,branch number and stem diameter of peanut.The number of branches of peanut in apricot intercropping was 190%and 60%higher than those in jujube and grape intercropping,and the length of main stem was 26%and 13%lower;Among different treatments,the main stem height of peanut was inversely proportional to the number of branches and stem diameter,and the number of branches was directly proportional to the stem diameter.The growth law of lateral branch length was that the growth period from seedling stage to pod setting stage was rapid growth period,and the growth period from pod setting stage to mature stage was slow growth period;under the intercropping of different fruit trees,the protective enzymes of peanut leaves showed a downward trend as a whole.The SOD enzyme activity of peanut intercropped with apricot and grape was significantly higher than that of peanut intercropped with jujube at all growth stages;Under the intercropping of different fruit trees,the number of fruit per plant and yield per plant obtained by intercropping peanut with apricot trees were the largest,43.33 and 116.23 g,respectively.【Conclusion】Apricot trees with suitable crown and age and less shade are the most suitable for intercropping peanut.The combination of scientific and reasonable pruning and water and fertilizer management is an important prerequisite for intercropping peanut.