生物活性硒对不同品种育肥猪生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响

Effects of Bioactive Selenium on Growth Performance,Tissue Selenium Content,Antioxidant Ability and Meat Quality of Different Breeds of Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究生物活性硒对不同品种育肥猪生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响。采用2×3双因素完全随机试验设计,设2个猪品种:“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪(以下简称三元杂交猪)和从江香猪;3个硒处理:0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠、0.25 mg/kg生物活性硒和0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒。分别选取体重接近的三元杂交猪[初始体重为(56.12±0.68)kg]90头和从江香猪[初始体重为(37.22±0.48)kg]72头,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复(三元杂交猪10头/重复,从江香猪8头/重复)。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)三元杂交猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于从江香猪(P<0.10),料重比(F/G)显著低于从江香猪(P<0.10)。2)与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加背最长肌和腿肌中硒含量(P<0.10)。3)对于三元杂交猪,与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠和0.25 mg/kg生物活性硒相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和脱碘酶(DIO)含量及背最长肌硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TXNRD)活性(P<0.10);对于从江香猪,与饲粮中添加0.25 mg/kg亚硒酸钠相比,添加0.50 mg/kg生物活性硒可显著增加背最长肌和腿肌TXNRD活性(P<0.10)。4)从江香猪背最长肌和腿肌中肌内脂肪含量均显著高于三元杂交猪(P<0.10)。从江香猪背最长肌和腿肌中大部分脂肪酸含量显著高于三元杂交猪(P<0.10),而大部分氨基酸含量显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.10)。综上所述,饲粮中添加生物活性硒更有利于增加猪肌肉中硒的富集和肌肉中一些氨基酸含量,提高猪的抗氧化能力;三元杂交猪与从江香猪在肉品质方面存在差异的主要原因是肌肉中肌内脂肪及脂肪酸和氨基酸含量不同。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of bioactive selenium on growth performance,tissue selenium content,antioxidant ability and meat quality of different breeds of finishing pigs.A 2×3 double factor completely random design was adopted in the experiment,with 2 breeds of pigs:Duroc×Landrace×Large ternary pigs(hereinafter referred to as ternary pigs)and Congjiang pigs;and 3 selenium treatments:0.25 mg/kg sodium selenite,0.25 mg/kg bioactive selenium and 0.50 mg/kg bioactive selenium.Ninety ternary pigs[initial body weight was(56.12±0.68)kg]and seventy-two Congjiang pigs[initial body weight(37.22±0.48)kg]with similar body weight were randomly allotted into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group(10 ternary pigs per replicate,8 Congjiang pigs per replicate).The experiment lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of ternary pigs were significantly higher than those of Congjiang pigs(P<0.10),and the feed/gain(F/G)was significantly lower than Congjiang pigs(P<0.10).2)Compared with dietary supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg sodium selenite,dietary supplemented with 0.50 mg/kg bioactive selenium significantly increased the selenium contents in longissimus dorsi and leg muscle(P<0.10).3)For ternary pigs,compared with dietary supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg sodium selenite and 0.25 mg/kg bioactive selenium,dietary supplemented with 0.50 mg/kg bioactive selenium significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and deiodinase(DIO)content in liver and thioredoxin reductase(TXNRD)activity in longissimus dorsi(P<0.10);for Congjiang pigs,compared with dietary supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg sodium selenite,dietary supplemented with 0.50 mg/kg bioactive selenium significantly increased the activity of TXNRD in longissimus dorsi and leg muscle(P<0.10).4)The content of intramuscular fat in longissimus dorsi and leg muscle of Congjiang pigs was significantly higher than that of ternary pigs(P<0.10).The contents of most fatty acids in longissimus dorsi and leg muscle of Congjiang pigs were significantly higher than those of ternary pigs(P<0.10),while the most amino acids contents were significantly lower than those of ternary pigs(P<0.10).It is concluded that the addition of bioactive selenium in diet is more beneficial to increase the enrichment of selenium and some amino acids contents in muscle of pigs,and improve the antioxidant ability of pigs;the main reason for the difference in meat quality between ternary pigs and Congjiang pigs is the difference in intramuscular fat,fatty acid and amino acid contents in the muscle.