沙棘果渣提取物对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Sea Buckthorn Pomace Extract on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Yellow-FeatheredBroilers under Oxidative Stress

本试验旨在研究沙棘果渣提取物(SBPE)对氧化应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。试验选取400只1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡,将其随机分为2个对照组和3个试验组,分别为空白对照组(BC组)、氧化对照组(OX组)和3个试验组,每组10个重复,每个重复8只。BC组饲喂基础饲粮,OX组将基础饲粮中的普通大豆油更换为氧化大豆油,试验组分别在OX组饲粮基础上添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的SBPE。试验期63 d。结果表明:1)与BC组相比,OX组42日龄体重(BW)、1~21日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)、22~42日龄平均日增重(ADG)显著降低(P<0.05)。与BC组相比,添加SBPE后,BW、ADFI和ADG均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与BC组相比,OX组16~21日龄粗蛋白质(CP)表观代谢率显著降低(P<0.05)。与OX组相比,添加0.2%的SBPE可显著提高有机物(OM)表观代谢率(P<0.05)。SBPE组营养物质的表观代谢率与BC组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)BC组和OX组脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加0.4%的SBPE可使21日龄脾脏指数显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与BC组相比,OX组血浆中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量均极显著升高(P<0.01)。与OX组相比,添加0.1%的SBPE使血浆IgA、IgG、IgM含量显著下降(P<0.05)。添加0.2%和0.4%的SBPE使血浆IFN-γ和IL-2含量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)与BC组相比,OX组血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。与OX组相比,添加0.1%的SBPE可极显著降低血浆SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性和T-AOC(P<0.01),SBPE增加到0.4%后,血浆MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。由此可见,氧化大豆油可以降低黄羽肉鸡的生长性能和饲粮营养物质表观代谢率,并诱导抗体和抗氧化水平升高,添加0.1%的SBPE可有效缓解肉鸡因氧化大豆油诱发的抗体水平和抗氧化酶活性的升高,添加0.2%和0.4%的SBPE则可以提高肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of sea buckthorn pomaceextract(SBPE)on the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and immune function of yellow-feathered broilers under oxidative stress.Four hundred 1-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into a blank control group(BC group),an oxidation control group(OX group),and 3 experimental groups.Each group consisted of 10 replicates,with 8 broilers per replicate.The BC group was fed a basal diet,while the OX group fed the basal diet which ordinary soybean oil replaced with oxidized soybean oil.The 3 experimental groups were supplemented with 0.1%,0.2%and 0.4%of SBPE to the OX diet,respectively.The experiment lasted for 63 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the BC group,the body weight(BW)at 42 days of age,average daily feed intake(ADFI)at 1 to 21 days of age,and average daily gain(ADG)at 22 to 42 days of age in OX group significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the BC group,after adding SBPE,the BW,ADFI,and ADG were no significant difference(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the feed to gain ratio(F/G)within groups(P>0.05).2)Compared with the BC group,the apparent metabolism of crude protein(CP)at 16 to 21 days of age in the OX group significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the OX group,the addition of SBPE increased the apparent metabolism of organic matter(OM)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the apparent digestibility of nutrients between the SBPE group and in the BC group(P>0.05).3)There was no significant difference in spleen,bursa of Fabricius and thymus indexes between BC group and OX group(P>0.05).The addition of 0.4%SBPE significantly reduced the spleen index at 21 days of age(P<0.05).4)Compared with the BC group,the contents of immune globulin G(IgG),immune globulin A(IgA),immune globulin M(IgM),and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-2(IL-2)in plasma in the OX group significantly increased(P<0.01).Adding 0.1%SBPE resulted in a significant decrease in plasma IgA,IgG,and IgM contents(P<0.05),while adding 0.2%SBPE resulted in plasma IFN-γand IL-2 contents significant decrease(P<0.05).As the level of SBPE addition increasing,the contents of IFN-γand IL-2 in plasma gradually decreased(P<0.05).5)Compared with BC group,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in plasma in OX group significantly increased(P<0.01).After adding 0.1%SBPE,the activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT and T-AOC in plasma significantly reduced(P<0.01).After SBPE increased to 0.4%,the content of MDA in plasma decreased significantly(P<0.01).In summary,oxidized soybean oil can reduce growth performance and apparent metabolic rate of dietary nutrients,and induce antibody and antioxidant levels elevated.The addition of 0.1%SBPE can effectively alleviate the increase in antibody levels and antioxidant enzyme activities induced by oxidized soybean oil in broilers,while adding 0.2%and 0.4%SBPE can significantly improve the growth performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity.