摘要
The objective of this study is to introduce a coherent theoretical perspective for sustaining forested landscapes at different scales:meta(forest region),gamma(forest property)and alpha(forest stand),with some details on practical implementation.The main part introduces an integrated set of approaches under three headings:a)gamma design,b)alpha jardinage,and c)continuous observation.The study is based on evidence gathered in the broadleaf and conifer mixed forests of north-eastern China,in European temperate forests,in various forest regions in India,in the afro-montane forests of Southern Africa,and in the pine-oak forests of the Mexican Sierra Madre Occidental.
