基于行驶状态的地下车库污染物排放量分析

Pollutant emission analysis of underground garages based on driving state

燃油汽车污染物的排放量与行驶状态密切关联,有必要针对地下车库特定行驶特征计算污染物排放量。通过对地下车库内机动车行驶状态的分解,利用MOVES模型对居民区和商业区地下车库CO、PM2.5和PM10的排放量进行了模拟计算。结果表明:车库内的污染物主要来源于车位处机动车的启动排放,车道处的运行排放量占比很小(仅占0.3%~2.6%);冬季污染物的排放量均大于夏季,CO排放量几乎相差1倍,PM2.5与PM10相差2倍;利用稀释法计算出控制CO浓度对应的换气次数,居民区地下车库换气次数为2.6 h^(-1)(夏)和5.5 h^(-1)(冬),商业区地下车库为4.3 h^(-1)(夏)和8.8 h^(-1)(冬);虽然CO排放量远大于PM2.5和PM10,但即使新风安装粗效+中效过滤器,按照控制CO浓度计算的通风量也难以消除颗粒物。

The emissions of pollutants from fuel vehicles are closely related to the driving state,so it is necessary to calculate the emissions according to the specific driving characteristics in underground garages.By decomposing the driving state of vehicles in underground garages,the MOVES model is used to simulate the emissions of CO,PM2.5 and PM10 in underground garages for residential and commercial areas.The results show that the pollutants in the garage mainly come from the starting emissions of vehicles in the parking spaces,and the operating emissions in the driveway account for a small proportion(only 0.3%to 2.6%).The emissions of pollutants in winter are larger than those in summer,and the difference in CO emission is almost double,and the difference in PM2.5 and PM10 is two times.The dilution method is used to calculate the air change rate(ACR)corresponding to the control of CO concentration.ACRs of the underground garage are 2.6 h-1(summer)and 5.5 h-1(winter)in residential areas,4.3 h-1(summer)and 8.8 h-1(winter)in commercial areas.Although CO emission is much greater than that of PM2.5 and PM10,and both medium efficiency and rough filters are installed for the outdoor air,it is difficult to eliminate particulate matter according to the ventilation volume calculated to control CO concentration.