RNA m^(5)C甲基化在肿瘤中的研究进展

Progress in Research of RNA m^(5)C Methylation in Tumors

5-甲基胞嘧啶(m^(5)C)是存在于大量RNA中的表观遗传修饰物,主要存在于转运RNA中,亦存在于核糖体RNA、信使RNA、增强子RNA和一些长链非编码RNA中。RNA甲基化可以在功能上调节基因表达和细胞活动。RNA m^(5)C甲基化在非编码区附近富集,受其相关酶的动态调节,包括甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶以及结合蛋白。m^(5)C参与了多种RNA代谢,包括信使RNA输出、RNA稳定性和翻译。机体m^(5)C修饰水平改变可导致线粒体功能障碍、应激反应障碍、配子发育和胚胎发育受阻、神经和脑发育异常,并参与调控肿瘤的发生发展,且m^(5)C相关修饰酶的表达与肿瘤预后密切相关。

5-methylcytosine(m^(5)C)is an epigenetic modifier existing in a large number of RNAs,mainly in transport RNA,but also in ribosomal RNA,messenger RNA,enhancer RNA and some long-chain non-coding RNA.RNA methylation can functionally regulate gene expression and cell activity.RNA m^(5)C methylation is enriched near the non-coding region and is dynamically regulated by its related enzymes,including methyltransferases,demethylases and binding proteins.m^(5)C is involved in a variety of RNA metabolism,including messenger RNA output,RNA stability and translation.Changes in the level of m^(5)C modification in the body can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction,stress response disorder,gamete development and embryo development restriction,neural and brain development abnormalities,regulate the occurrence and development of tumor,and the expression of m^(5)C-related modifying enzymes is closely related to the prognosis of tumor.