超声支气管镜在胸部疾病诊断中的应用进展

Application Progress of Endobronchial Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Chest Diseases

支气管超声引导下针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)对淋巴瘤、结节病等胸部疾病的诊断存在局限性。近年来,凸面超声支气管镜(CP-EBUS)引导活检钳活检和CP-EBUS引导冷冻活检开始应用于纵隔疾病的诊断,在提高诊断率方面具有较高的应用价值。CP-EBUS经食管行针吸活检联合EBUS-TBNA不仅可提高纵隔疾病诊断率,还可应用于肺部疾病、胸膜腔疾病的诊断以及肺癌分期。此外,超声支气管镜还对邻近气管的血管内病变和血管旁病变具有一定的诊断作用。超声支气管镜诊断技术的发展为胸部疾病的诊断提供新的途径。

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)has limitations in the diagnosis of some chest diseases such as lymphoma and sarcoidosis.In recent years,convex probe endobronchial ultrasound(CP-EBUS)guided transbronchial forceps biopsy and CP-EBUS guided cryobiopsy have been applied to the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases,which have high value in improving the diagnostic rate.Endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration combined with EBUS-TBNA can not only improve the diagnosis rate of mediastinal diseases,but also play a role in the diagnosis of lung diseases,pleural diseases and lung cancer staging.In addition,CP-EBUS can also diagnose the endovascular and paravascular lesions adjacent to the airway.The development of CP-EBUS will provide a new way for the diagnosis of chest diseases.