转运RNA衍生片段在消化系统恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Advances of Transfer RNA-derived Fragments in Malignant Tumors of Digestive System

核酸内切酶可切割转运RNA(tRNA),产生一类异质性的小非编码RNA,即tRNA衍生片段(tRF)。在生物界中,tRF广泛存在,具有独特而多样的生物学功能,其在人类多种消化系统恶性肿瘤中异常表达,并在外周血循环中丰富且稳定表达,具有组织特异性。通过类似微RNA和蛋白海绵的作用机制,调控基因表达与翻译,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。因此,tRF有望成为新的肿瘤标志物和潜在的治疗靶点,但目前其生物学机制尚未完全阐明,有待未来进一步探索。

Endonucleases cleave transfer RNA(tRNA)to produce a heterogeneous class of small non-coding RNAs,ie.tRNA-derived fragments(tRF).In the biological world,tRF exists widely and has unique and diverse biological functions.It is abnormally expressed in various human digestive system malignancies and is abundantly and stably expressed in peripheral blood circulation with tissue specificity,which regulates gene expression and translation and participates in the proliferation,migration and invasion of tumor cells through the mechanism of action similar to microRNA and protein sponge.Therefore,tRF is expected to become a new tumor marker and potential therapeutic target,but its biological mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet and needs to be further explored.