B族链球菌感染检测方法的研究进展

Research Progress in Detection Methods of Group B Streptococcus Infection

B族链球菌(GBS)是围生期母婴感染的重要致病菌,可导致孕妇流产、早产以及新生儿败血症、脑膜炎等不良结局。合适的取材部位和筛查方法可有效降低GBS感染率。GBS的检测方法主要包括直接培养法、增菌培养法、显色培养法等微生物学法,免疫层析法、光学免疫法等免疫学法以及核酸扩增试验、核酸分子杂交、基因测序、质谱等分子生物学法。我国针对GBS的筛查策略较为滞后,亟待寻找一种操作便捷、成本低、灵敏度和特异度均较高的快速检测方法,为临床GBS检测提供参考。未来GBS疫苗的应用可进一步降低母婴感染率。

Group B Streptococcus(GBS)is an important pathogen of perinatal infection,which can lead to adverse outcomes such as abortion,premature delivery,neonatal septicemia,and meningitis.Appropriate sampling sites and screening methods can effectively reduce the GBS infection rate.The detection methods of GBS mainly include microbiological methods such as direct culture,enrichment culture,chromogenic culture,immunological methods such as immunochromatogragphic assay,optical immunoassay,and molecular biological methods such as nucleic acid amplification test,molecular hybridization of nucleic acid,gene sequencing,and mass spectrometry.The strategy for GBS screening in China is lagging behind,so it is urgent to explore a kind of rapid detection method which has the advantage of convenient operation,low cost,high sensitivity and specificity to provide a reliable reference for GBS testing in clinic.The application of GBS vaccine will further reduce the maternal and infant infection rate.