跨领域规则互动与全球治理有效性

Rule Interactions Across Issue Areas and Effectiveness of Global Governance

跨领域规则互动是全球治理体系的重要特征,全球治理不同领域的核心国际规则之间密切关联,在特定议题上存在互动,对全球治理的有效性产生了重要影响。根据不同领域规则对同一议题的目标一致性和内容一致性程度,跨领域规则互动可分为协同型、协商型、竞争型和冲突型四类。在测量全球治理的有效性即输出、行为和结果方面,不同类型的跨领域规则互动对特定问题的全球治理有效性产生了不同影响,由此形成一个跨领域规则互动影响全球治理有效性的分析框架。根据该框架对生物多样性保护、药品可及性、气候友好技术转让和转基因产品贸易四个典型案例进行经验分析,可以得出如下一般性结论:协同型互动是构建全球治理有机体系、提升全球治理有效性的最佳规则互动方式,协商型、竞争型和冲突型互动对全球治理有效性的正面作用总体上依次减弱;协同型跨领域规则互动在全球治理体系中并不多见,竞争型和冲突型互动较为普遍。这就指明了全球治理体系变革和全球治理有效性提升的一条重要路径,即构建跨领域协同互动的全球治理规则体系。然而,跨领域规则互动对全球治理有效性的影响并非线性和因果性的,作者尝试对复杂的经验现实进行系统梳理,剖析规则互动影响治理有效性的复杂机制,期冀能进一步完善全球治理体系中国际规则作用的相关研究。

Rule interactions across various issue areas is an important feature of global govermance systems.The core intermational rules governing different issue areasare closely interconnected and interact with each other on specific issues,significantly influencing the effectiveness of global governance.By examining the degree of consistency in objective and content,cross-issue-area rule interactions can be categorized into four types:synergic,coordinative,competitive,and conflictive.This paper establishes a theoretical framework by analyzing how different types of rule interaction distinctly affect the effectiveness of global governance in terms of output,behavior,and outcome.Through four typical cases,the following conclusion is drawn:synergic interaction is the most favorable approach for building a global governance system and enhancing its effectiveness,while the positive effects of the other three types generally diminish in sequence.Synergic interaction is not commonly observed in the present global governance system,whereas competitive and conflictive interactions are more prevalent.The conclusion highlights a significant pathway to promote the transformation of the global governance system and enhance its effectiveness of global governance:the establishment of a synergic global governance rule system.However,it is important to note that the impact of cross-issue-area rule interaction on the effectiveness of global governance is neither linear nor causal.In order to foster further research in this area,this paper systematically examines the complex empirical evidence and mechanisms through which rule interactions across issue areas influences governance effectiveness.