城市最低生活保障政策的减贫效应——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

Poverty reduction effect of urban minimum living security policy:Empirical analysis based on CHARLS data

实施有效的城市最低生活保障政策是推进城市贫困治理、促进共同富裕的重要手段。利用2013—2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)三期面板数据,借助多期双重差分法检验了中国城市低保政策的减贫效应。研究发现:城市最低生活保障政策的实施有效提升了城市低保家庭的人均收入水平,上述结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析表明,城市低保政策的减贫效应具有明显的区域异质性:相比于东部地区,中西部地区的政策实施效果更为显著。机制分析则表明,城市低保政策通过提高城市家庭资本积累与提升城市家庭人力资本水平两条途径发挥减贫效应。未来应当在建立全国低保标准调整机制,确保低保政策地方落实以及完善专项救助制度等方面提高低保政策的有效性,促进中国式现代化与共同富裕目标的实现。

Implementing an effective Urban minimum living security Policy is an important means to promote urban poverty governance and promote Common prosperity of groups.This paper uses the three phase Panel data of the China Health and Retirement Follow up Survey(CHARLS)from 2013 to 2018 to systematically explore the poverty reduction effect of China's urban minimum living security policy by the multi-period-difference-difference(DID)model.It is found that the implementation of the urban minimum living security policy has effectively improved the per capita income level of urban households.The above conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the poverty reduction effectiveness of urban minimum living security policies has significant regional heterogeneity:compared to the eastern region,the policy effect in the central and western regions is more significant.And the effectiveness of this policy in the eastern region is inferior to the former,while Mechanism analysis shows that urban minimum living security policies mainly exert poverty reduction effects through two channels:increasing the accumulation of urban household capital and enhancing the human capital of urban households.In the future,emphasis should be placed on establishing a national adjustment mechanism for the low income protection standard,ensuring the local implementation of the low income protection policy,and improving the special assistance system to improve the effectiveness of urban minimum living security policy,and to promote the realization of the goals of Chinese-style modernization and common prosperity.