中蒙边境阿尔泰山区隐匿的鼠疫跨境传播风险监控

Risk monitoring of cross-border transmission of plague hidden in the Altai Mountains on the Sino-Mongolia border

目的 提高对鼠疫的发现与监控能力,阻止中蒙边境阿尔泰山区境内外隐匿的鼠疫跨境传播。方法 2019—2022年,在中蒙边境阿尔泰山红山嘴、塔克什肯口岸入出境通关及边境线区,查检鼠疫指示动物,开展鼠疫流行病学调查,探查、截获、采集宿主和媒介,用血清学方法检测鼠疫菌F1抗原和抗体。结果 在红山嘴口岸通关区,从1辆入境货车中查获1份鼠类粪便,在塔克什肯口岸通关区查获1只普通蝙蝠,在阿尔泰山边境线区捕获两国共有分布的长尾黄鼠、灰旱獭等5种宿主及其体表携带的7种蚤类;监测到牛、羊等大型动物尸体及洞内外鼠类、旱獭骨碎片、干枯、自毙尸体42份;收集食肉动物粪便43份,洞道内蝇蛆及苍蝇33份,在地表洞内外与2组鼠疫相关生物发现率分别为2.60%(42/1617)、4.70%(76/1617),其中花海子区最高,分别为4.67%(14/300)、11.33%(34/300)。在中蒙边境阿尔泰山区524份样品中检出5种宿主鼠疫F1抗原和抗体阳性(1份鼠疫F1抗原、16份抗体阳性),总阳性率为3.24%(17/524)。结论 中蒙边境阿尔泰山区存在动物鼠疫跨境入侵与区域扩散的风险隐患,应进一步掌控鼠疫跨境传播的监控特征,防止鼠疫等重大疫情跨境传播。

Objective To improve the ability to detect and monitor plague,and prevent the cross-border spread of plague around the Altai Mountains on the Sino-Mongolian border.Methods From 2019 to 2022,in the entry and exit Customs clearance and border areas of Hongshanzui and Takeshken port in Altai Mountains on the Sino-Mongo-lia border,plague indicator animals were captured to conduct plague epidemiological investigations,and hosts and vectors were detected,intercepted and collected,Yersinia pestis F1 antigen and antibody were detected using serological methods.Results In the customs clearance area of Hongshanzui port,a piece of rodent fece was found from an inbound truck,Vespertilio murinus was seized in the Customs clearance area of Takeshken port.In the border area of Altai Mountains,5 species of hosts,including Citellus undulatus and Marmota baibacina,7 species of fleas carried on their bodies were captured.42 carcasses of large animals such as cattle and sheep,rodents inside and outside caves,bone fragments of marmots,dry and naturaly dead were detected.There were 43 pieces of feces,33 pieces of maggots and flies in the tunnel.The detection rates of plague-related animals in and on the cave were 2.60%(42/1617) and4.70%(76/1617) respectively,among which Huahaizi District was the highest,were 4.67%(14/300) and 11.33%(34/300).In 524 samples from the Altai Mountains on the Sino-Mongolian border,5 hosts were detected positive for plague F1antigen and antibody(1 F1 antigen,16 antibody),and the total positive rate was 3.24%(17/524).Conclusion There were hidden dangers of cross-border invasion and regional spread of animal plague in the Altai Mountains on the border between China and Mongolia.The characteristics of cross-border spread of plague should be further controlled to prevent the cross-border spread of important epidemics such as plague.