7种杀菌剂与拮抗菌SJ1606发酵代谢物配合对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制活性

Inhibitory Activity of Seven Fungicides Combined with Fermentation Me⁃tabolites of Antagonistic Bacteria SJ1606 Against Valsa Mali

[目的]明确7种杀菌剂和拮抗菌SJ1606对苹果树腐烂病菌防治效果、筛选出高效混配剂,为传统化学杀菌剂的减量增效使用提供参考方向。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂和拮抗菌SJ1606发酵代谢物以及新型混剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制效果。[结果]苹果树腐烂病菌对咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、丙环唑、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑表现为高度敏感,以上5种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的EC_(50)分别为0.12、0.33、0.57、0.64、1.14μg/mL;对吡唑醚菌酯表现为中度敏感EC_(50)为6.92μg/mL;对福美双表现为不敏感,EC_(50)为149.99μg/mL。SJ1606发酵上清液和脂肽粗提物对病菌的EC_(50)分别为40.36、14.75μL/mL。采用体积混配方法,脂肽粗提物对部分化学药剂表现出较强的增效作用,其中与多菌灵混配以7∶3增效最为明显,毒性比达1.72;与吡唑醚菌酯以6∶4的毒性比最高为1.58,与咪鲜胺混配以6∶4的混配毒性比最高为1.50;与丙环唑混配以5∶5毒性比最高为1.48。[结论]成功筛选出脂肽粗提物对化学杀菌剂混配增效比例,这对后续生防菌SJ1606的开发利用、杀菌剂的减量使用以及新型混剂的创制提供技术支撑。

[Objective]The aim was to clarify the control effect of seven fungicides and antagonistic bacteria SJ1606 on Valsa mali,screen out efficient mixed fungicides,and provide reference for the reduction and synergistic use of traditional chemical fungicides.[Method]The inhibitory effects of seven fungicides and antagonistic bacteria SJ1606 fermentation metabolites and new mixtures on Valsa mali were determined by mycelial growth rate method.[Result]The results showed that V.mali was highly sensitive to prochloraz,tebuconazole,propiconazole,carbendazim and difenoconazole.The EC_(50)values of the above five chemical fungicides were 0.12,0.33,0.57,0.64,1.14μg/mL,respectively.The EC_(50)of moderate sensitivity to pyraclostrobin was 6.92μg/mL.It was insensitive to thiram,and the EC_(50)was 149.99μg/mL.The EC_(50)of SJ1606 fermentation supernatant and lipopeptide crude extract were 40.36,14.75μL/mL,respectively.The crude extract of lipopeptide showed a strong synergistic effect on some chemical agents by volume mixing method,and the syner⁃gistic effect was the most obvious when mixed with carbendazim at 7∶3,with a toxicity ratio of 1.72.The highest toxicity ratio with pyraclostrobin at 6∶4 was 1.58,and the highest toxicity ratio with prochloraz at 6∶4 was 1.50.The highest toxic⁃ity ratio was 1.48 when mixed with propiconazole at 5∶5.[Conclusion]The synergistic ratio of lipopeptide crude extract to chemical fungicides was successfully screened out,which provided technical support for the development and utiliza⁃tion of biocontrol bacteria SJ1606,the reduction of fungicides and the creation of new mixtures.