用人单位职业卫生管理评价内容及方法探讨

Discussion on the contents and methods of occupational health management evaluation of employers

职业卫生管理是评价用人单位职业病防治状况的最主要指标之一,但目前国内尚缺职业卫生管理评价标准或规范。分析评价用人单位职业卫生管理存在问题,要求技术人员必须掌握国家相关法律法规标准规范,技术要求高,现实中职业卫生管理评价方式不一,内容相差大,分析不透,存在问题多,没有达到实际效果。2016年职业病防治法修订取消了建设项目职业病危害评价机构资质许可、评价技术人员个人资质许可,评价报告撰写人数量增加,水平有待提高;2018年职业卫生监督职责由安监系统划转卫生系统,职业卫生监督员水平也亟待提升。本文主要分析讨论职业卫生管理评价内容及方法、存在的问题与建议,为进一步完善职业卫生管理提供参考。

Occupational health management is one of the major indicators for evaluating the occupational disease prevention and control status of employers.However,there is still a lack of occupational health management evaluation standards or specifications in China.Analysis and evaluation of the problems in occupational health management by employers require technicians to master the relevant laws,regulations,standards,and specifications.In contrast to this high technical demand,in reality various methods have been used for occupational health management evaluation.There are great differences in evaluation contents and the analysis is incomplete,resulting in numerous problems and low practical feasibility.In the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Act(2016 Amendment),the cancellation of the certificates for institutions and individuals in evaluation of the damage caused by occupational diseases resulted in an increased number of assessment report writers with insufficient capability.Since 2018,the duty of occupational health supervision has been transferred from the work safety administrative department to the health administrative department.The ability of occupational health supervisors needs to be improved urgently.This article mainly analyzes and discusses the contents and methods of occupational health management evaluation,as well as the problems and suggestions.Our results provide a guideline for improvement of occupational health management.