基于马斯京根参数K、X的等效河道计算方法研究

Research on calculation method of equivalent channel based on Muskingum parameters K and X

河道汇流演算本质上属于水力学问题,为了简便计算发展了一系列的水文学方法,马斯京根法便是其中最经典的方法之一。本文基于马斯京根法中的参数K、X,与特征河长相结合,构建了不同类型的等效河道(矩形、抛物线型)断面下河宽、河道比降和最大水深的计算公式,并在实例中模拟出河道各断面不同时刻的水位、流速、流量等信息。通过在实际河道中验证,结果表明,该方法实现了河道大断面资料的扩充,且具有较高的精度,改进了传统的水文学河道汇流计算模式。该方法将传统水文方法与水动力方法结合起来,有利于实现少资料地区水位、流速过程模拟,为传统的马斯京根法转换为水动力模型计算提供新方法。

The calculation of water confluence is a hydrodynamic problem.A series of hydrologic methods have been developed in order to simplify the calculation,among which the Muskingum method is one of the most classic methods.In this paper,the equivalent channel is constructed by Muskingum parameters K and X,combined with the characteristic river method.By using this method,river width,slope,and the best water depth under different generalized cross-section(rectangular cross-section and parabola cross-section)could be calculated.Also,this method is verified in actual river channel.The result shows that the proposed method expands the channel information,improves the traditional hydrology calculation model of flow concentration,and is conductive to the simulation of water depth,flow velocity and other information,providing a new way for the conversion of traditional Muskingum method into hydrodynamic method.