技术赋能博物馆教育的国际研究图景:框架、类别与路径

An International Research Landscape of Technology-Enabled Museum Education: Frameworks, Categories and Pathways

新兴技术在博物馆中不断创新应用,使得博物馆充分显露出成为未来新型学习空间的巨大潜力。为描绘国际博物馆技术应用的研究图景,本文对2012—2021近10年间的83篇外文相关主题文献进行研究综述。研究结果显示,新兴技术在博物馆中的应用研究热度呈上升趋势。从技术类别看,移动技术与智能手机的应用凸显了场馆学习的非正式特征,智能与虚拟现实技术突破了物理与数字空间的虚实界限,创客空间技术助力科技创新后备人才的培养,资源建设技术推动博物馆展品向数字化方向发展。从技术作用看,场馆学习仍是博物馆的主流功能,资源建设、辅助参观、社会互动、空间设计功能也需技术加持。从场馆类别看,科学技术博物馆的技术应用覆盖度小于历史文化型博物馆。从关键趋势看,博物馆更加关注技术应用促进个性化体验、社会性参与、弱势群体呵护,但技术应用本身的感知易用性问题仍待解决。立足国际研究现状,展望我国技术赋能博物馆实践,应加快提升场馆技术应用的覆盖率,以新兴智能科技武装展品与教学,充分体现场馆教学的科学实践本质,打造虚实融合的新型智慧学习空间,实时跟进场馆设备更新和技术迭代,增强教育技术应用的友好体验。

The continuous innovative application of emerging technologies in museums has enabled museums to fully reveal their great potential as new learning spaces of the future.In order to paint a picture of international research on the application of technology in museums,this paper presents a scoping review of 83 foreign literature on the topic over the past decade from 2012-2021.The findings reveal an upward trend in research fervor on the application of emerging technologies in museums.In terms of technology categories,the application of mobile technology and smartphones highlights the informal characteristics of venue learning,the intelligent and virtual reality technologies break through the boundary between physical and digital space of reality and imaginary,the makerspace technologies help cultivate reserve talents in science and technology innovation,and the resource construction technologies promote the digital direction development of museum exhibits.In terms of the role of technology,venue learning is still the mainstream function of museums,and resource construction,assisted visitation,social interaction,and spatial design functions also require technological enrichment.In terms of venue categories,the technology application coverage of science and technology museums is less than that of historical and cultural museums.In terms of key trends,museums pay more attention to technology applications for personalized experiences,social participation,and care for vulnerable groups,but the perceived ease of use of technology applications themselves still needs to be addressed.Based on the current status of international research and looking forward to the technology-enabled museum practice in China,the coverage of technology applications in venues are to be accelerated,to arm exhibits and teaching with emerging smart technologies,fully reflect the scientific and practical nature of teaching in venues,and create new smart learning spaces that integrate reality with reality,and also the on venue equipment and technology iterations in real time are to be updated and followed up to enhance the friendly experience of educational technology applications.