肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶在哺乳动物生殖中的研究进展

Research Progress of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases in Mammalian Reproduction

肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶(PADs)是一种精氨酸残基修饰酶,催化蛋白质上带正电的精氨酸残基向不带电的瓜氨酸残基转化即瓜氨酸化。瓜氨酸化是近年来发现的一种蛋白质翻译后修饰,通过改变蛋白质电荷参与生物的各种生命活动。PADs在调节生殖过程中起关键作用。PADs不仅在哺乳动物的卵母细胞、垂体、子宫、睾丸、乳腺中特异性表达,还参与调控胚胎的合子基因激活及胚胎干细胞多能性的维持,其异常表达与生殖组织的病理进程和胚胎发育停滞密切相关。

Peptidyl arginine deiminases(PADs)are an type of arginine modifying enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of positively charged arginine residues to uncharged citrulline residues in proteins,a process called citrullination.Citrullination is a recently discovered protein post-translational modification,which is involved in a variety of biological processes by changing the protein charge.PADs play a key role in regulating the reproductive process.PADs are specifically expressed in oocyte,pituitary,uterus,testis and mammary gland,and involved in the regulation of zygotic gene activation and the maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.The abnormal expression of PADs is closely related to the pathological process of reproductive tissues and embryonic development arrest.