尘螨特异性免疫治疗预防儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病新增变应原的研究进展

Research Progress of House Dust Mite Specific Immunotherapy for Prevention of New Allergens in Children with Respiratory Allergies

变应原种类随儿童年龄的增长有所增加,而新增变应原的出现通常与呼吸道过敏性疾病严重程度呈正相关,且新变应原的出现往往早于临床症状的加重。因此,寻找切实有效的方法来预防儿童新增变应原具有重要的临床意义。目前,变应原特异性免疫治疗(AIT)是唯一可预防儿童新增变应原的方法,其通过作用于T、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞等使患儿产生免疫耐受,最终影响变应原谱的发展,但研究结论尚存在一定争议。因此,深入探讨AIT预防新增变应原的作用机制及相关影响因素具有重要临床价值。

The variety of allergens in children tends to increase with age,and the emergence of new allergens is often positively associated with the severity of respiratory allergic diseases and often predates the deterioration of clinical symptoms.Thus,it is very important to find an effective way to prevent the occurrence of new sensitizations in children.At present,allergen-specific immunotherapy(AIT)is the only reported method to prevent new sensitizations in children,which acts on lymphocytes T,B,macrophages,dendritic cells,etc.and induces immune tolerance in children,eventually affects the development of allergen spectrum,although the research conclusion still remains controversial.Therefore,it is of great clinical value to explore the mechanism of AIT in preventing new allergens and related influencing factors.